Naphezu kokuthuthukiswa nokuguqulwa kwezwe, emazweni amaningi izigebengu zisaqhubeka nokulawula imigwaqo. Enye yeqembu eliyingozi kakhulu futhi eliyingozi eMelika yi-MS-13. Kusuka kolwazi mayelana nokuphila kwakhe, imithetho nemigomo, i-goose bumps ihamba emzimbeni wayo.
E-America, kukhona iqembu elibi elihlelekile elilimaza wonke umuntu - uMara Salvatrucha noma i-MS-13. Kukholelwa ukuthi kwavela ema-80s ekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lapho phakathi nempi yombango e-Ecuador, inani elikhulu labantu baseLatin America lafudukela e-United States. Ngokwezibalo ezihlukahlukene, leli gciwane lihlanganisa abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-50 kuya ku-300 emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi inani labo landa njalo.
I-MS-13 isebenzelana nokuhweba izidakamizwa, ukuphanga nokubulala. UMongameli waseMelika uDonald Trump uthe kwelinye lemibuzo yakhe ukuthi usekulungele ukubhekana nalesi sigameko, ngoba izenzo zabo sezivele zidlule ngaphezu kwemingcele ekhona. Sikunikeza ukuthi ufunde amasiko ayisisekelo namasiko kaMar Salvatrucha.
1. Umngane womngane wentaba
Esigabeni esinzima kakhulu saseMelika, isimiso esiyinhloko ukusizana komunye. Amalungu kuleli qembu alungele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku nobusuku ukuzosiza umngane wabo. Uma umuntu ovela ku-MS-13 engena noma ephonsa "umngane" esimweni esinzima, ulindele ukufa.
2. Bandakanya abantu abasha
Abahlanganyeli bakaMar Salvatrucha basebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqasha ukuheha abantu abasha abasethembisayo. Isibonelo, phakathi nosuku abahlela ngayo amaqembu ukuze kube nzima, lapho abafundi nabafundi besikole beza khona abathanda ukufunda izifundo. Phakathi namalungu anjalo amaqembu amnandi athambekisa abantu abasha.
3. Amathegi omgwaqo
Akukhona nje kuphela eMelika, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe, ungabona amagrafu kanye namagagasi ezinkampanini ezindongeni zendlu, ezicingo nezinye izakhiwo. Lona uhlobo lwelebula, olubonisa ukuthi ubani olawula kule nsimu, akwenza kucace ukuthi abancintisana abangekho lapha. Kukhona iqembu elihlukile legraffiti elalinikezelwe kwamalungu eqembu elibulawe.
4. Ukwamukelwa kwabasanda kufika kulesi sigameko
Ukuze ube yilungu eligcwele le-MS-13, umuntu kufanele ahambe ngezigaba ezimbili. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ngisho nezingane ziyamukelwa ekuqhakambeni, kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-8. Isigaba sokuqala sihilela ukushaya amalungu amaningana asebenzayo eqembu, futhi lesi senzo sithatha imizuzwana engu-13. Kungase kubonakale ukuthi lokhu kuncane kakhulu, kodwa empeleni, uma ungazivikeli, futhi abantu abaningi behlaselwa, ungalimala kabi. Isigaba sesibili ukubulawa komuntu ovela eqenjini lokuncintisana, okhethwe yizikhali futhi atshalwe endaweni enonya.
5. Ukugcina ukuthembeka
Phakathi kwabahlanganyeli kunomncintiswano njalo, futhi ukuze ungalahlekelwa ukwethembeka kwayo, kubalulekile ukusekela. Ngakho-ke, wonke amalungu eqembu lezigelekeqe kufanele ahlanganyele njalo ebugebengu obuhlukahlukene. Abaqalayo benza umsebenzi ongcolile - ukubulala, ukudlwengula, ukweba, kodwa amadoda amadala axazulule izinkinga ezinkulu, isibonelo, ezihlobene nokuthengiswa kwezikhali nezidakamizwa.
6. Ukukholwa kuSathane
UMara Salvatrucha ukhonza uSathane ngokukhululekile. Amalungu eqembu lezigebengu enza amasiko ahlukene ukuze abonge amabutho amnyama ngokusekela kwawo. Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi abahlukumezi benza ukubulawa komkhuba izikhathi eziningana.
7. Ulimi Lwezandla
Iqembu elibi kunazo zonke laseMelika linalo ulimi lwazo lwezandla, okuthiwa "ukuhlelwa", ngokwesibonelo, ukushaya isisu, kusho ukuthi kudingeka usebenzise isibhamu, futhi uguqe emaceleni akho. Ukunakwa okuhlukile kufanelwe uphawu olukhulu lukaMar Salvatrucha - "imbuzi" yeminwe, efana nencwadi ethi "M". Lesi sibonakaliso sasikhethwa eminyakeni engama-80 ngabasunguli beqembu lezigebengu, ababengabalandeli bensimbi enzima.
8. Izivivinyo zabesifazane
Ezindaweni ezihluphekile, amantombazane avela eqenjini elikhulu kakhulu adumile, kanti amantombazane amaningi afuna ukungena nabo. Abamele ubulili obuhle bangaba ngamalungu eqembu, kodwa lokhu kumele balale namalungu angama-15 we-MS-13. Ngokusho kwedatha etholakalayo, cishe ama-20% weqembu lezigelekeqe ngamantombazane.
9. Ukukhohliswa akuvumelekile
Into ebuhlungu kunazo zonke engenzeka ku-MS-13 ukukhashelwa, okujeziswa ukufa. Ukuze uvimbele ukudubula ngesikhathi sokuhlukana kweqembu, kunomthetho - uma usola othile, khona-ke kufanele kube nobufakazi obuqinile kulokhu, ngoba uzophinde ulahlwe ngenkohliso. Iqembu lezigebengu alizisoli muntu, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2003, owesifazane okhulelwe wabulawa ngaseWashington, okwathi, njengelungu leqembu, wazisa i-FBI.
Isihluku esingenangqondo
Kwababambi iqhaza kuleli qembu benza ubugebengu, abadingi isizathu. Sekuyisikhathi eside iqembu leqembu liba umholi ekubulaweni ngaphandle kwesizathu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe isimo sezinhlangano "ezinonya kakhulu".
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Uma ilungu lezitho zangasese liphethe intombi, angeke adlwengulwe noma atshaywe amanye amadoda, kuphela unelungelo lokwenza kanjalo. Ebudlelwaneni obunjalo, owesifazane akanalo ilungelo lokuvota futhi ungumnikazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izigameko zihlupha izingane zabo, zibacabangela abalandeli babo.
12. Isiyalo esiqinile
Ngokusho kolwazi olukhona, i-MS-13 inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuziphatha phakathi kwamanye amaqembu aseMelika, okuchazwa yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphumelela kwawo. Amalungu ale nhlangano akanelungelo lokuvela ezindaweni zomphakathi esimweni sokudakwa futhi ahlele ukungcola. Kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa impahla yeqembu lezigebengu nokulahlekelwa imihlangano.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneminye imithetho eminingi ikhodi yangaphakathi. I-intruder ingahle ihliswe ngesigaba noma ishaye, futhi ngesikhathi esizayo kufanelekile ukulinda ukufa. Kukhona ulwazi lokuthi abantu abaningi babulawa kulesi sigameko kunokuba bafe ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa nabokuncintisana. Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi emaqenjini ahlukene kaMara Salvatrucha aphumule kakhulu, kusukela e-El Salvador yathumela "isigwebo", esenza abantu abaningana ngenhloso yemfundo.
13. Ulwazi lwezithombe
Ekuqaleni, amalungu ale nhlangano yobugebengu ahlanganisa umzimba wawo ngamathambo, futhi "angafunda" yonke imininingwane ngomuntu: biography, izici zomlingiswa, indawo yobukhosi. Wonke umuntu ongobugebengu endala kumele abe nomdwebo ebusweni bakhe. I-tattoo ethandwa kunazo zonke yizinyembezi ngaphansi kweso, okusho ukubulala. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi abasha abasanda kuvela baqala ukushiya i-tattoo, futhi lokhu kuyisizathu esihle - imidwebo emzimbeni ilula kakhulu, ukubona, ukukhumbula nokuthola umuntu.
14. Isikali esikhulu
Kuyiphutha ukukholelwa ukuthi izigameko zithinta kuphela emigwaqweni. Ngokusho kwe-FBI, amalungu angaphezu kwenkulungwane ayesebenza e-Amandla aseMelika, ethola imfundo yezempi futhi aqoqe abantu abasha ngesikhathi esifanayo. Amaprisoni alezi ziqoqo yikhaya lesibili noma eyunivesithi lapho befunda khona imiqondo. E-El Salvador, kukhona amajele lapho kuphela amalungu e-MS-13 ahlala khona, futhi ngisho nabaphathi bezinkampani baphatha intando. Kuvela uhlobo oluthile lwendlunkulu.
15. Akekho owaziyo
Amalungu eqembu anenhlangano yawo siqu, edluliselwa ngezizukulwane ngezizukulwane; isibonelo, igama elithi "ubusisa" lisho ukuthi umuntu kufanele abulale, futhi inkulumo ethi "ukuqondisa ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza" kusho ukuyala umuntu. Phakathi kwabanye abantu, iziqhwaga zikhetha ukukhuluma ngolimi olufile lwama-Aztec, okungekho muntu owaziyo nhlobo.
16. Ukucabangela ngokucophelela ukuqondisa izikhundla
I-Mara Salvatrucha inesakhiwo esinqunyiwe, esenza sibe namandla kakhulu futhi singakwazi ukuhlukumeza ubulungiswa. Kunamaqembu amaningi ahlukene asebenza ngokuhlukana komunye nomunye. Iqembu ngalinye linabaholi balo abaziyo ngokwabo futhi baxhumana nabaholi abakhulu. Ngendlela, isitho esiphezulu se-MS-13, esibizwa ngokuthi "umkhandlu wesishiyagalolunye" futhi use-El Salvador.
17. Izincwadi zokukhalaza
Nakuba kungamukeleki ukufaka endaweni kule nhlangano, noma yiluphi ilunga laso lingakhononda ngokuthi iqembu eliseduze lingasebenzi kahle noma lenza izenzo ezithile ngokumelene nemithetho. Ukuze enze lokhu, kumele abhale incwadi "emkhandlwini wesishiyagalolunye." Uma ubufakazi buphawulekayo, ummemezeli uyalwe ukuba abulale ikhanda laleli qembu futhi athathe indawo yakhe.
18. Ukuzibandakanya impilo yonke
Uma umuntu ejoyine iqembu leqembu, khona-ke kuphakade, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuhlala umhlalaphansi ngisho nokunye ukuyeka. Ku-MS-13, yonke imigwaqo iholela ezindaweni ezintathu nje kuphela: ijele, isibhedlela kanye namathuna, ngakho-ke uma umuntu ethi ufuna ukuphelisa ubugebengu, khona-ke isibhamu siyomlinda.