Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi maduzane kwakukhona ama-zoos emhlabeni lapho abantu babengelona izilwane emakamelweni, kodwa abantu. Ngikholelwa, lezi zindaba azikwazi ukushiya ungenandaba.
Cishe wonke umuzi omkhulu unama-zoos, futhi abantu baphatha ngokuhlukile. Kukhona labo abakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuhlekwa yizilwane okufanele ziphile ngenkululeko. Ngabe-ke, kungashiwo ngezilwane zabantu, okuyiminyaka engamashumi eminyaka eyedlule eyayisebenza ngokusebenzayo futhi yayithandwa. Babenqatshelwe abantu abanezici ezithile, eziheha umphakathi. Ake sithole ngalezi zindaba ezimbi.
1. Saarty Bartmann - 1810
Umthengisi wezilwane owehlukile wathola umbukiso ongavamile - intombazane eneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, owanikeza umsebenzi okhokhelwa kakhulu, ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi iyiphi. Wavuma wahamba naye eLondon. I-Saarty yakhanga umthengisi ngezikhwebu zayo ezivelele, futhi izitho zakhe zobulili zazinomumo ongavamile. Wayegqoke izingubo eziqinile noma engavezi lutho, njengembukiso embukisweni. Wahlala ezimweni ezimbi futhi wafa ngobumpofu, futhi ama-squele, ubuchopho nobulili kuze kube ngo-1974 bamelelwa eMustin of Man eParis. Ngesicelo sikaNelson Mandela ngo-2002, izinsalela zeSaarty zabuyiselwa ezweni lakubo.
I-Slave Slaughter - 1835
Ngendlela engavamile, wanquma ukwakha umsebenzi wakhe. UBarnum, owathola isigqila sase-Afrika-American uJoyce Heth. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-79 ubudala, futhi wayenezinkinga zempilo ezibucayi: ubumpumputhe futhi cishe ukukhubazeka okuphelele (owesifazane wayekhuluma kuphela futhi ahambisane nesandla sakhe sokunene). UBarnum wabonisa lo wesifazane ompofu njengomhlengikazi oneminyaka engu-160 uGeorge Washington. Wafa ngonyaka ozayo.
3. "IsiGodi saseNegro" - 1878-1889
Ngesikhathi seWorld Fair eParis, umphakathi uhanjiswe "esigodini saseNigro". Ukuvezwa kwakuthandwa kakhulu, futhi kwavakashelwe abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-28. Embukisweni ngo-1889, lo muzi wawuhlala ngezizwe ezingama-400 zomdabu. Abantu babe nezindlu nezinye izimo zokuphila, babemane bezungezwe ucingo, ngemuva kwalokho kwakukhona izibukeli ezibukele ukuphila "kwemiboniso engavamile".
4. AmaNdiya esizwe sakwaKaveskar - 1881
Kusuka eChile, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaziwa, amaNdiya ayisihlanu esizwe sakwaKaveskar athathwa. Abantu babethunyelwa ngokungekho emthethweni eYurophu futhi baphenduka baba nemibukiso e-zoo. Ngemva konyaka bafa bonke.
5. Abomdabu besizwe sakwaSelknam - ngo-1889
UKarl Hagenbeck uthathwa njengomuntu wokuqala oshintshe izilwane zezilwane, okwenza ukuba sondelane nemvelo, kodwa futhi umuntu wokuqala ukudala i-zoo yabantu eshukumisayo. Wathatha nabantu abangu-11 abavela esizweni sakwaSelknam, wabavala emaceleni futhi wababonisa ezindaweni ezahlukene zaseYurophu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngemvume kaHulumeni waseChile. Ngendlela, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isiphetho esinjalo sasilinde abameleli bezinye izizwe.
6. I-Savage Olympic - 1904
E-America, ama-Olimpiki aseSavages ahlelwe, lapho abantu bomdabu bezizwe ezahlukahlukene bebuthene ezindaweni ezahlukene bahlanganyela: Afrika, eNingizimu Melika, eJapane naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Kwabanjelwa imincintiswano eminingi futhi umqondo wabo wawusabekayo - ukufakazela ukuthi "ama-savages" awafani nemidlalo njengabantu abahlanzekile "abamhlophe".
7. I-African Girl - 1958
Uma ubheka lesi sithombe, kunzima ukuthukuthela, njengoba intombazanyana isondliwa ezandleni zayo, njengoba izilwane ziphatheka ezithombeni. Lesi sithombe sihlanganisa umehluko phakathi kwabantu "abamhlophe" naba "abamnyama". Umbukiso onjalo wawuseBrussels futhi waba khona kuze kube sekufikeni kwe-cinema, ngoba abantu babengakwazi kakade banelise isifiso sabo ngendlela ehlukile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umphakathi waqala ukubheka ama-zoo abantu njengento enengekayo, futhi emazweni amaningi ayevinjelwe.
8. I-pygmy yaseCongo - ngonyaka we-1906
E-Bronx Zoo, kwavela i-pydmies eneminyaka engu-23 ubudala, eyayivela eFree State of Congo. Lo mboniso wavulwa nsuku zonke ngoSepthemba. Umfana ogama lakhe lingu-Ota Benga wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi wayeya e-zoo evamile ukuze anakekele indlovu, kodwa konke kwavela ngokuhlukile. Akazange nje ahlale emakhenjini, kodwa futhi wayegqoke i-orang-utan futhi enza amacebo ahlukahlukene kuye, futhi ngisho nokujabulisa izibukeli ngokushaya umnsalo, ukuvuza ama-grimaces ahlukahlukene.
Mayelana nombukiso wabhala ngisho nasephephandabeni eyaziwa kakhulu i-New York Times enesihloko esithi: "U-Bushman uhlanganyela inkabi nezinkanyana ezivela eBronx". Amaqembu amaningana athukuthele ngalesi sibonakaliso, ngakho-ke wawuhlanganisiwe. Emva kwalokho, i-pygmy yabuyela e-Afrika, kodwa ayikwazi ukubuyela ekuphileni okuvamile, ngakho yafika eMelika. U-Ota akazange akwazi ukulungisa impilo yakhe ngaphandle kwe-zoo, ngakho ngo-1916 wazibulala ngokuzidubula enhliziyweni.
9. I-Jardin d'Agronomie Tropicale
AbaFulentshi eParis, ukubonisa amandla abo, basebenzisa isikhathi nemali ekwenzeni umbukiso obonisa amandla abo bokoloni. Bakha amadolobhana ayisithupha, ahlanganisa amakoloni aseFrance: Madagascar, Indochina, Sudan, Congo, Tunisia neMorocco. Zenziwe ngenxa yokuphila kwangempela kwala makoloni, ukukopisha konke kusuka kwezakhiwo kuya kwezolimo. Lokhu kuvezwa kwaqala ngo-May kuya ku-Okthoba. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-zoo yomuntu yavakashelwa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.
Kusukela ngo-2006, insimu nemikhumbi yezilwane zangaphambili zezoo zivulekele izivakashi, kodwa azithandwa kakhulu, ngoba okwedlule ushiye umshicileli omkhulu kule ndawo.
10. Ama-Zoos Abantu Namuhla
Ezweni lanamuhla, kunezinye "imibukiso" efanayo. Isibonelo ukuhlala kwesizwe saseKharava, esihlala esiqhingini sase-Andaman eNdiya. Le ndawo idume ngabakhenkethi, aboniswa hhayi kuphela imvelo yasendle, kodwa futhi nokuphila kwalaba bantu. Ngosuku, abantu bomdanso wesizwe, babonisa ukuthi bazingela kanjani, njalonjalo. Nakuba ngo-2013 iNkantolo Ephakeme YaseNdiya ivimbele ukushushiswa okufanayo, ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, baqhubeka bebekwe ngokungekho emthethweni.