Ukutholakala kwe-immunodeficiency syndrome yisimo esibonisa isigaba sokugcina sokutheleleka nge-HIV. I-agent yayo ye-Causative yi-virus yokuzivikela komzimba. Imishanguzo kanye nokuphulukiswa kwalokhu ukutheleleka akukhona okwamanje, kodwa, ngokutholakala kokuqala kwe-HIV, ukwelashwa okukhethekile, okuvumela ukwandisa isikhathi nesilinganiso sokuphila kwesiguli.
I-HIV ne-AIDS idluliselwa kanjani?
Ukuze uzivikele wena nabathandekayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza okubangelwa i-AIDS kudluliselwa kanjani.
Izindlela zokutheleleka okungenzeka:
- ubulili obuvikelekile nomlingani ogulayo;
- ukusetshenziswa kweziringaniso ezivamile kanye nezinaliti ezilutha izidakamizwa;
- ukumpontshelwa igazi nezingxenye zegazi;
- ukukhulelwa, ukubeletha, ukubeletha (kusukela kumama kuya komntwana);
- ukuxhumana nabasebenzi bezokwelapha abaneziguli ezigulisayo ngokusebenzisa umonakalo esikhumbeni (ingozi yokutheleleka 0.3%).
Ingozi Efihliwe
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kungenzeka uma usebenzisa izinsimbi ezingekho oyinyumba ezibuhleni bezinhle (ukukhwabanisa, ukuhamba nge-pedicure), izingxoxo zokudweba nokubhoboza, kumahhovisi wamazinyo. Ingozi yokutheleleka ngale ndlela iyinto encane kakhulu, ngoba emoyeni i-immunodeficiency virus ifa phakathi nemizuzwana embalwa. Kodwa ama-causative agents of hepatitis, syphilis nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo kungenzeka ukuthi zibe emzimbeni uma usebenzisa amasevisi aphansi e-salon.
Amanga nezinkolelo ezingalungile
- Abaningi besaba ukuthi i-HIV (i-AIDS) isakazwa ngekhondomu - ukutheleleka akunakwenzeka uma ukubeletha kusetshenziswa kahle. Ikhondomu kufanele igqoke ekuqaleni kwesenzo socansi futhi ingasuswa kuze kube sekupheleni, ikhondomu kufanele ibe isayizi elifanele. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu akuqinisekisi ukuvikeleka kwe-100% ngokumelene nokutheleleka.
- Kunombono wokuthi i-AIDS idluliselwa ngamathe - lokhu akunakwenzeka, ngoba okuqukethwe kwe-HIV ematheni kuphansi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, amanxeba emlonyeni nasezinxeni zegazi emanzini angase abe imbangela yokutheleleka.
- Kwakukhona amacala lapho ezindaweni zomphakathi abantu belimala izinaliti ezinegazi le-HIV. Ingozi yokutheleleka ngale ndlela iyinto encane kakhulu - ebusweni benaliti igciwane alinamandla ngaphezu kweminithi. Ukuze uthole ukutheleleka, udinga ukufaka okuqukethwe kwenaliti egazini, futhi ukusika okungacacile akwanele.
Ukusondelana Okungaphephile
Kubalulekile ukuvikelwa hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokuxhumana komama. Ingozi ekhethekile ihambisana nocansi oludala, ngoba igciwane lesandulela ngculaza (i-AIDS) lidluliselwa ngododa futhi ingozi yokulimala edongeni elincanyana le-rectum liphakeme.
Kwezinye izimo (isibonelo, ngokulimala komlomo we-oral mucosa), i-HIV (i-AIDS) idluliselwa ngocansi ngomlomo - akunakwenzeka ukuzivikela usebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvikela, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugwema ukuxhumana ngomlomo nomlingani ongaqinisekisiwe.
Ngaphandle kokwesaba
Ngokuvamile, lapho sihlangene nomuntu onesandulela ngculazi emphakathini, siqala ukuvuselelwa kabusha: asibingeleli ngesandla, asidli etafuleni elifanayo.
Ukutheleleka nge-HIV akunakwenzeka:
- ngokubamba, ukumbumbana, ukuxhaphaza, ukuthinta;
- ngokusebenzisa ukukhwehlela, ukukhipha (indlela ehamba emoyeni);
- ngokusebenzisa ukusika okuvamile, ilineni lokulala, izinto zasendlini, indlu yokugezela, indlu yangasese;
- lapho uvakashela amachibi omphakathi, ama-saunas, amanzi;
- lapho bedla ukudla okuvamile neziphuzo;
- lapho uxhumana nokuthuthumela, izinyembezi, udoti, umchamo kanye namathe (ngaphandle uma lezi ziqu eziphilayo ziqukethe igazi);
- lapho igazi elinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingena esikhunjeni esingenalutho;
- ngokulunywa kwezinambuzane ezondla igazi (umiyane, umiyane, izimbungulu);
- ngokusebenzisa izilwane ezifuywayo.