Ngezikhathi ezehlukene abantu abahlukene bazama ukuthola imali, bengenzi lutho oluqondile, kodwa bakhanga abatshalizimali abaningi emisebenzini yabo. Ekuqaleni, igama elithi "ipiramidi yezezimali" lalingencazelo ehlukile futhi kule minyaka engu-70 kuphela yaqala ukubeka isikhalazo.
Iphiramidi yezimali isebenza kanjani?
Abahleli besikhungo esinjalo sokuhweba babeka inkampani yabo njengeprojekthi yokutshala izimali, bethembisa abatshalizimali bazo izimali eziphakeme kakhulu kunezo ezimakethe ezibolekayo. Labo abanesithakazelo sokuthi i-pyramid yezimali ihlelwe kanjani, kufanelekile ukuphendula ukuthi inkampani enjalo ayitholi lutho futhi ayithengisi: ibuyisela imali kubahlanganyeli ngokukhokha kwabakhombisi abasha. Inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke lokhu kunikwa abahleli bephrojekthi futhi uma kunjalo, abantu abaningi "bathola inhlanzi".
Izimpawu zephiramidi yezimali
Kunezinqubo eziningi ongathola ngazo "iphrojekthi" yokutshalwa kwezimali "okukhethekile":
- Izinkokhelo eziphezulu zenzalo, zifinyelela ku-50-100%.
- Ipiramidi yezimali ibonakala ngokukhangisa okukhono, okukhangayo ngemigomo ethize abantu abangajwayelekile abayiqondi.
- Ukungabi nolwazi oluqondile, okungaqinisekiswa, ngokusekelwe emithonjeni ezimele.
- Isici sepiramidi yezimali ukuhamba kwemali phesheya.
- Ukungabikho kwedatha kubahleli nabaxhumanisi.
- Ihhovisi elingekho futhi umqulu. Ukungabi namaphepha okuqinisekisa ukubhaliswa okusemthethweni.
- Umshuwalense wokuthengiswa kwenkampani kwenye indawo.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa inkampani yokutshalwa kwezimali kusuka emipiramidi?
Ngokuvamile, uhlelo lokutshala izimali olusemthethweni lithathwa ukuze lube yipiramidi, ikakhulukazi uma ishisiwe futhi iningi lemali elitholiwe liya ekukhokhweni kwabathengi bokuqala. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ukungafani okuphawulekayo phakathi kwabo. Labo ababuza ukuthi akuwona yini uphawu lwepiramidi yezimali, kufanelekile ukuthi inkampani yokutshalwa kwezimali ayifihle imisebenzi yayo. Uma ufuna, ungahlala uthola ukuthi ubani oyisunguli nomholi wawo, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zebhizinisi le nkampani efaka yona.
Ngaphambi kokuba ujoyine inhlangano enjalo, ungafunda ngakho nge-Intanethi, khuluma nabatshalizimali, thola ukuthi bayathola yini izinkokhelo ezijwayelekile nokuthi bangakanani usayizi. Imipiramidi yezimali isebenza ngokuheha abantu abandayo, kanti enkampanini ethembekileyo umtshali-zimali uzothola imali yakhe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangaki abantu abanesithakazelo kule phrojekthi.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokukhangisa kwenethiwekhi kanye ne-pyramid yezezimali?
Lapha, umehluko usuke ukhululekile kakhulu, ngoba ngisho nasezinkampanini ezisemthethweni, abasabalalisi azakwaziswa ukuthi bayothola imali engakanani ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo, nakuba kukhangiswa kuthembisa. Umehluko phakathi kokukhangisa kwenethiwekhi kanye nepiramidi yezimali ukuthi lowo owayengumdala uhlanganyela ekukhangiseni imikhiqizo namasevisi athile. Nakuba ezinkampanini eziningi, abathengisi bangathola imali engenayo ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla, kodwa imali yokukhokha evela kubasebenzi abathintekayo kule nkampani.
Izinhlobo zama-pyramid zezimali
Ezweni lanamuhla, izinhlobo ezimbili zemipiramidi zivame kakhulu:
- Ipiramidi e-Multilevel. Isibonelo esithi "Inhlangano Yezizwe" nguJohn Law. Umhleli uheha abatshala izimali ukuthuthukisa uMfula iMisissippi. Eqinisweni, iningi lezimali ezibekwe izimali zithengile izibopho zikahulumeni. Ukunyuka kwamasheya entengo kubangelwa ukugijima okukhulayo futhi lapho ukugeleza kwemali kwaba mkhulu, futhi intengo iqhumekele ekulinganiseni okungakaze kube khona, ipiramidi yawa.
- Uhlelo lwepiramidi yezezimali uPonzi . Isibonelo "SXC", esasebenza ngokuthengisa izikweletu zayo. Abathengi bamheha umhleli, bethembisa inzuzo ekushintsheni amakhuphoni, nakuba eqinisweni wayengazithengi amakhuphoni, ngoba ayengakwazi ukushintshaniswa ngemali. Lapho umagazini "I-Post Magazine" kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukumboza konke ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele kube khona amakhuphoni ayizigidi ezingu-160, ukukhwabanisa kwavezwa, ngoba inani labanikazi balo laliyizinkulungwane ezingama-27 kuphela.
Indlela yokwenza ipiramidi yezimali engalawuleki?
Okuhlukile, indlela yokudala iphramidi yezimali, kuningi kunethiwekhi, futhi yangempela. KuWebhu Yezwe Lomhlaba, uhlelo lwe "7 wallets" luyathandwa kakhulu. Umhleli ubeka imali encane yamashekhthi angu-7 e-elektroniki, bese enezela inombolo yakhe ye-akhawunti kulolu hlu futhi athumela izikhangiso kumanethiwekhi omphakathi , amaqembu kanye namaforamu, amema ukungena kuphrojekthi. Noma kunjalo, ufisa ukwazi ukuthi ungakha kanjani ipiramidi yezimali, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi noma iyiphi iphrojekthi yalolu hlobo iyohluleka ukuhluleka. Ngisho noma bonke abakhileyo emhlabeni beyijoyina, kuzokwehla ngemuva kokuba ilungu lokugcina lifakwe.
Indlela yokwenza imali ngemipiramidi yezimali?
Abakhileyo abahahayo bangathola imali engenayo ngokujoyina inhlangano enjalo. Into eyinhloko akukona ukucabangela ukuhola ngemipiramidi yezezimali njengomthombo owodwa futhi unomphela wokuthola imali. Joyina inhlangano kufanele ibe ngephakamiso yentuthuko yayo, hhayi lapho abangane nabangani abaningi sebeyitholile kakade, ngoba isimiso sepiramidi yezimali ukuthi ayihlali isikhathi eside. Lapho isiphetho sitholakala, imali kanye nesithakazelo kufanele ihoxiswe futhi ingabe ingasengozini.
Imiphumela yemipiramidi yezimali
Izindaba eziningi ezimbi zihambisana nomsebenzi wazo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 e-Albania, inethiwekhi enjalo yezinkampani ezinomthelela wezimali emali engama-30% weGDP yaminyaka yonke yezwe yabangela umonakalo kuhulumeni ukuthi emva kokuwa kwesistimu, ibutho ladingeka libuyisele ukuhleleka futhi liqinisekise ukugcinwa komyalelo othukuthele. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu bafa, futhi uhulumeni waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye emsebenzini. Ipiramidi yokutshala izimali ihlasela izingxenye ezisengozini kakhulu yabantu, ngoba iningi lazo libhekene nabantu abalula, abangafundile.
I-Psychology yezisulu zemipiramidi yezezimali
Izisulu zalowo msebenzi wokutshalwa kwezimali awugcini nje ngokuzifundela kahle, kodwa futhi ziyazi kahle ezindabeni zomthetho nabantu abacebile. Akunamahloni ngokukhohlisa, futhi balungele ukukhohliswa, ukuze ukwazi ukukhohlisa. Abantu abanjalo abanokwenziwa kwengqondo abathile bayabhekiswa njengehlobo lwe-asteroid. Ubumnene babo bubhekene nokuziqhenya, ukuzwelana, ukusikisela okulula, ukungasho ukuthi i-hypnosis.
Bafuna ukwazi ukuthi bangenza kanjani imali emipiramidi yezimali, futhi abahleli balungele ukuphendula yonke imibuzo yabo, bachaza yonke into emibala ye-iridescent, behleka usulu futhi baxoshe zonke izingxabano ezizwakalayo futhi benze isimo somdlandla wezinkohliso, ukudlala ukunganaki komuntu, ukuhaha nokwesaba kokulahlekelwa ithuba lakho. Futhi uma izinkokhelo zokuqala ziqala, umuntu akakwazi ukuyeka. Kunjengokudlala i-roulette, lapho injabulo idonsa zonke izingxabano zomqondo.
Amapiramidi adumile kakhulu ezimali
Izwe liyazi imiklamo eminingi yokukhwabanisa eye yathinte izinkulungwane nezigidi zabantu. Phakathi kwabo:
- I-AOOT "MMM" S. S. Mavrodi . Ekuqaleni, inkampani yakhe yenza imisebenzi yezezimali kanye nokuhweba, futhi ngo-1994 waqala ukuthengisa amasheya ayo, ukwethula umkhawulo othile wokuthengwa nokudayiswa kwalezi ziqinisekiso, eziye zakhula njalo. Le nkampani ebhange yaqashelwa kuphela ngo-1997 kanti ngalesi sikhathi uMavrodi waze waphinde waba yiphini, futhi lapho ukukhwabanisa kwakhe sekuveziwe kakade. Ngokwezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene, abafake izigidi ezingu-2-15 baba izisulu.
- Amapiramidi adumile ezemali afaka inkampani uBernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC B. Meidoff . Walungisa ukuqina kwakhe ngo-1960, futhi ngonyaka ka-2009 wabekwa icala lokukhwabanisa futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-150 ejele.
- "I-Vlastilina" VI. Solovyovoy . Inkampani yakhe idumile ngokuthola izimali zokuqala zezimoto, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili inhlangano idilikile ngo-1994, ishiya abantu abangaphezu kuka-16 000 ngaphandle kwegazi labo.