I-Indonesia isendaweni yezulu lesimo sezulu esishisayo futhi eshisayo, ngakho kubonakala ngokuhlukanisa unyaka ube yizinkathi ezimbili zonyaka - omile futhi omanzi. Ngenkathi yemvula, kuningi kakhulu kwezulu okuwela ezweni, ngenxa yokuthi inethiwekhi yomsakazi obanzi idaliwe. E-Indonesia, imifula ijulile, evumela ukuba isetshenziselwe ukuhamba kanye nomthombo kagesi.
Imifula esiqhingini saseKalimantan
Esinye seziqhingi ezinkulu kuleli zwe yi- Kalimantan , noma i-Borneo. Kulapha ukuthi imifula emikhulu ye-Indonesia igxile kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo:
- I-Capuan Besar (1,040 km);
- I-Mahakam (920 km);
- I-Barito (900 km).
Ukuqala kwabo yi-massif entabeni, lapho begeleza khona emathafeni futhi badlula emanzini, ngemva kwalokho imibhede yabo ishintshe kancane kancane. Phakathi kwezinye zazo, amadolobha aphukile, kanti ezinye zikhonza njengendlela yokuthutha phakathi kwemizi yesiqhingi .
Umgwaqo omkhulu wamanzi eKalimantan nase-Indonesia yiMfula iKapua. Ngesikhathi sezimvula zonyaka, ichibi ligcwele izikhukhula, likhukhula ezindaweni eziseduze. Isikhukhula esikhulu sokugcina senzeke ngo-2010, lapho izinga leCapua Besar likhuphuka ngamamitha amabili, ngenxa yalokho amadolobhana amaningana athathwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Umfula wesibili ngobukhulu iKalimantan e-Indonesia nguMahakam. Kuyaziwa ngezinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene. Ezindaweni eziphansi, amabhange ayo angcwatshwa emahlathini ashisayo, kanti ama-mangrove ahlala emfuleni. Lapha uhlala inqwaba yezilwane eziphilayo, ezinye zazo zikhona, ezinye ziphelile ekuqothulweni. Ngaphandle komfula kukhona ukuloba okukhulu. Kukhona futhi ukudoba okuthuthukisiwe.
Ephakathi kweKalimantan, uMfula iBarito ugeleza, ukhonza njengomngcele wemvelo phakathi kwezifundazwe ezithile. Eduze edolobheni laseBanjarmasin, lihlangana nemifula encane, bese ligeleza lingene e-Sea Sea.
Ngaphezu kwemifula engenhla, kulesi siqhingi sase-Indonesia kukhona amachibi okhukhulayo, lapho kunenqwaba yezinhlanzi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa uJempang, Semaayang, Loir nabanye.
Imifula esiqhingini saseSumatra
Esesibili isiqhingi esincane esithakazelisayo nesigcwele sonke seSatatra . Imifula yayo iphuma emithambekeni yeBukit Barisan Range, igeleza endaweni yasemaphandleni bese igeleza eNingizimu China Sea kanye ne-Straits of Malacca. Imifula emikhulu kule ngxenye ye-Indonesia yilezi:
- I-Hari (800 km);
- UMusi (553 km);
- I-Kampar (285 km);
- I-Rockan (265 km);
- I-Siac (260 km).
Umfula i-Hari uyaziwa ngomfula walo Jambi. Enye ichweba, iPalembang, yakhiwe eMfuleni iMusi.
Ngaphandle kwamachibi nemifula, lesi siqhingi sase-Indonesia saziwa ngexhaphozi eligcwele kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Indawo yayo ifinyelela cishe ngamamitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-155. km.
Imifula yaseNew Guinea
Lesi siqhingi sibheke futhi nenethiwekhi emifula yomfula. Kunemifula engaphezu kuka-30, imithombo yayo esezintabeni zaseMaoke. Imifula kule ngxenye ye-Indonesia iqhubekela e-Pacific Ocean noma i-Arafura Sea. Ekufinyeleleni okuphansi bangabokuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Izitsha zomfula ezidume kakhulu eNew Guinea ziyi:
- I-Digul;
- Mamberomo;
- I-Oak-Tedi;
- I-Sepik;
- Fly.
Okukhulu kunazo zonke yilo mfula iDigul (400 km). Umthombo wayo usezintabeni zaseJayavijaya, lapho ugijimela khona oLwandle lwase-Arafura. Imikhumbi iya ngokuyinhloko ekufinyeleleni kwayo. Lo mfula wase-Indonesia ugcwele unyaka wonke, kodwa ngemva kwenkathi yemvula izinga lakhe likhuphuka ngamamitha amaningana.
Umfula waseMamberamo udume ngokuthi abantu abaningi bomdabu baseNew Guinea baye bahlala emabhange ayo kusukela isikhathi eside, okwesikhathi eside besingazi kahle impucuko yasentshonalanga. Umfula omkhulu kunazo zonke wase-Indonesia unamashaneli amaningi, amabhange ayo avezwa yizinto eziphilayo.
I-Oak-Tedi iyathakazelisa ngoba umthombo wayo unemali enkulu kakhulu yegolide neyethusi. Ngokungafani nayo, umfula iSepik uyaziwa kakhulu ngemifula yawo. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlangana namahlathi ashisayo asezindaweni ezishisayo, nezindawo zezintaba nezindawo ezisezintabeni. Abaningi bezemvelo bakholelwa ukuthi iSepik yindawo enamanzi amakhulu kulo lonke elase-Asia-Pacific elingazange lithinteke ithonya labantu.
Ngaphezu kwemifula, kule siqhingi sase-Indonesia kukhona iLake Paniyai no-Sentani.
Imifula yesiqhingi saseJava
Isiqhingi eside kunazo zonke e-Indonesia yiJava , okuyinto inhloko-dolobha yezwe, idolobha laseJakarta . Emkhawulweni walo kukhona imifula elandelayo:
- I-Solo. Umfula omkhulu kunazo zonke kule siqhingi e-Indonesia, unamamitha angu-548 ubude. Imvelaphi yayo itholakala emathafeni aseMeshali naseLvava, lapho ithunyelwa khona esigodini sase-Boggy. Ezindaweni eziphansi zifika emfuleni kakhulu (i-meanders), ngemva kwalokho igijimela eLwandle lwe-Java. Cishe i-200 km yesiteshi sayo ingasemikhumbi.
- Chiliwong. Emthambekeni we-volcano e-Pangrango, amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka edolobheni laseBogor, umfula uqala, owela eJakarta. Ngesikhathi seColonization yaseDutch, lo mfula wase-Indonesia wawubaluleke kakhulu emithini yokuthutha kanye nomthombo omkhulu wamanzi ahlanzekile. Manje, ngenxa yemfucuza yezimboni nezokufuywayo, kusemkhakheni wezinhlekelele zemvelo.
- I-Tsitarum . Isesimweni esifanayo esidabukisayo. Sekuyisikhathi eside sisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi, ezolimo kanye nemkhakha. Manje umbhede womfula ugcwele imfucuza yezimboni nezokufuywayo, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ubizwa ngokuthi umfula ongcono kakhulu emhlabeni.