Entanyeni kunemithwalo eminingi yegazi, kuhlanganise nomthambo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola isimo sogqirha bezempilo kunika i-ultrasound yemikhumbi yesibeletho. Phakathi nenqubo, ungahlola isakhiwo sezitsha, isivinini kanye nesiqondiso sokugeleza kwegazi, kanye nokukhomba ukuthi kukhona izindawo eziphazamisayo.
Izinkomba ze-ultrasound zezitokisi zentanyeni
I-Ultrasound yemikhumbi yomlomo ingahlelwa kuhle kubo bonke abantu. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukunciphisa amathuba okubukeka nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sohlangothi lwe-cerebral. Ezingozini kukhona:
- abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala;
- abantu abane-diagnosis ye-diabetes mellitus;
- abantu abane-cholesterol ephakeme, i-triglycerides, i-lipoproteins ne-low blood pressure;
- ukuxhomekeka kwe-nicotine;
- iziguli eziphezulu;
- abantu abane- osteochondrosis yomnyango wesibeletho .
Esinye isizathu sokuhlelwa kwe-ultrasound yezimpahla zentanyeni kungase kube ukuhlinzwa inhliziyo noma imikhumbi yegazi. Kukhona futhi neqembu lezikhalazo ezingase zibonise izifo ze-vascular:
- ukuhamba okunamandla;
- isiyezi esivamile;
- ukukhala noma umsindo ezindlebeni ;
- ukulala okuncane;
- ukuwohloka kombono;
- ukuzwa ukukhubazeka;
- ikhanda.
Yilezi zimpawu ezingaba yisisusa esinamandla se-ultrasound yomnyango wesibeletho.
I-ultrasound izitsha zentamo?
Okuyinhloko yocwaningo oluthile lwe-ultrasound ukuthi izicubu zomzimba zibhekene namazinga ahlukene wokumelana nama-acoustic, ngakho-ke akuyona yonke imisebe eqondiswayo ye-ultrasonic ebonakalayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kudalwa isithombe esimnyama nomhlophe, esiza ukuhlola isimo sesigungu noma isayithi esihlolwe.
Namuhla, lapho uhlola umnyango wesibeletho, ukuskena kwe-duplex kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu esikhundleni se-ultrasound yendabuko. Lolu hlobo lokutadisha lubonisa amagagasi e-ultrasonic kusuka ekuhambiseni izinto, okuvumela ukuhlola isimo sazo zonke izitsha zomlomo wesibeletho, ukutholakala kwe-constriction, thrombosis, kanye nesivinini nokuqondisa kwegazi.
Ngaphambi kokuphuma kwe-US kuyadingeka ukuba ususe noma uthathe imihlobiso nezingubo emkhakheni wentamo. Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa kokubili endaweni ye-supine nasesikhundleni sokuhlala. Konke kuncike endaweni yentamo okufanele ihlolwe. Ngokuvamile ngaphambi kwe-ultrasound udokotela unesithakazelo esimweni sakho, ukuba khona kwezikhalazo futhi ubuyekeze umlando wezokwelapha, ngoba ngokuhlola okulungile kudingeka awazi wonke umfanekiso wesitholampilo.
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lwenziwa kanje:
- Isikhumba sisetshenziswa nge-gel ebonakalayo, enikeza ukuxhumana okujulile kwesikhumba kanye nenzwa yedivayisi ye-ultrasound.
- Emva kokuqalwa koxhumana naye, udokotela uhlola ngokucophelela izithombe ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezishintsha kumqapha, okuthiwa "tincetu". Esicwaningweni, inzwa ingaveza imisindo ebangelwa ukulinganisa ukugeleza kwegazi emkhunjini.
- Emva kokuba udokotela azibonele ulwazi oludingekayo, ukuhlolwa kuphelile. Igcina idatha futhi ifake ikhophi eyodwa kuwe. Kule ultrasound kungacatshangwa kuphelele.
Ukumiswa kwe-ultrasound yezinto ezise entanyeni
Uma kucwaninga ukuthi kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini kuphela ekhombisa i-ultrasound yezitokisi zentanyeni, kodwa futhi ukwazi ukucacisa umphumela. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukwenza ulwazi mayelana nezinkomba ezitholiwe:
- Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ngomshini we-carotid. Ubude bayo ngakwesokudla buyi-7 kuya ku-12 cm, ngakwesobunxele-10-15 cm. Ezimweni ezingavamile, uma wenza i-ultrasound yemishini yentamo kuthathwa njengesijwayelekile ukuthola umthamo owodwa kuphela. Isilinganiso se-systolic-diastolic kufanele sibe ngu-25-30%. Lokhu kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile.
- Isikebhe esibalulekile esilandelayo yi-arterbral artery. Kuyo, ukugeleza kwegazi kufanele kuqhubekele phambili, ezinye izinto ezihlukile zibhekwa njengokuphambuka.
- Ngokuphathelene nokugeleza kwegazi, isilinganiso esiphakathi kwegazi lokujikeleza kwegazi ku-carotid ejwayelekile kanye ne-artery carotid yangaphakathi kufanele kube ngaphakathi kuka-1.8 ± 0.4. Ubukhulu be-ratio buyathinta ubukhulu be-spasm ezitokisini: ukukhudlwana kwesilinganiso, kunzima kakhulu ukuphazamiseka.
E-US izitsha zomlomo wesibeletho i-gland gland okufanele ibe nosayizi othize uphenyo:
- ngobuningi be-gland - 15 - 20 mm;
- ububanzi - 20 - 25 mm;
- Ubude - 30 - 50 mm.
Ezinye izinkomba azibhekwa njengesijwayelekile futhi zikhombisa ukwehluka.