Umbuzo, staphylococcus - ukuthi lokhu kubuzwa abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abahlangabezane nalokhu kubhekwa kweStaphylococcal yomndeni. Ingozi yalesi sifo se-pathogenic yemvelo yomzimba womuntu ifundwa kahle futhi itholakale kusencane. Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zaleli bteri, okuhlukile ngobukhulu, umbala nesenzo.
I-Staphylococcus - iyini nokuthi isakazwa kanjani?
Igama eliyisabekayo elithi "staphylococcus" - ukuthi liyini futhi liyingozi kangakanani, liyaziwa kusukela ngo-1878, ngenxa yokutholakala kukaRobert Koch odumile, owaziwa ngokutholakala kwe-agent causative ye-TB. Ama-bacteria ase-Staphylococcus ayingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, ngoba, ukungena ngaphakathi, kubangelwa izifo eziningi, inani lawo lifinyelela kukhulu.
Sekuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezingu-27 zalesi sitshalo endle, phakathi kwazo ezingu-14 ezihlala unomphela ezingqondweni zesikhumba sabantu. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezingu-14 kuphela ezineyingozi empilweni yethu:
- igolide;
- i-hemolytic;
- i-epidermal;
- i-saprophytic.
Izindlela zokudlulisa eziyinhloko zalesi sibhebhe zihamba emoyeni futhi zihamba emoyeni. Okusho ukuthi, i-staphylococcus ingangena emzimbeni ngesikhumba, izibilini ezinomuncu, amehlo, igazi, amanxeba avulekile futhi ashisa. Izimbangela zokungcola zihlanganisa izandla ezingcolile, izinto ezingekho-oyinyumba namathuluzi, ama-catheters, ukudla okungcolile nezinto ezihlanzekile.
I-Staphylococcus aureus - iyini?
Ngesithakazelo esikhulu umbuzo, i-staphylococcus aureus - ukuthi lokhu kuyingozi futhi leli bhala, elibizwa nangokuthi i-Staphylococcus aureus. Igama le-bacterium libangelwa imisebe, enemibala yegolide uma itshalwe endaweni. Lezi zinhlobo zinezindawo eziningi, zingatholakala ezinxenyeni zesikhumba, izinsimbi zezokwelapha, amathoyizi ezingane, izilonda zesikhumba kanye nezimbungulu ezinamaqanda.
Izici ze-Staphylococcus aureus yizo:
- Ikhono lokukhiqiza i-penicillinase ne-lidase, okwenza ukuthi amabhaktheriya ahlasele futhi avikelwe emiphumeleni yemithi elwa namagciwane.
- Ukuphikisana nezinselele zokuhlasela kanye nomthelela wezinto ezithile zemvelo. I-staphylococcus aureus ingakwazi ukumelana nokupheka imizuzu engu-10, ukukhanda, ukuvezwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-ethyl alcohol.
- I-bacterium iyakwazi ukukhulula i-endotoxin, okuyiyona imbangela yokudakwa komzimba, okuvame ukuholela ekushaqeni okubhebhethekisa .
Staphylococcus hemolytic - kuyini?
Olunye uhlobo lwebhaktheriya, oluyingozi kubantu, yi-staphylococcus ye-hemolytic, egama lakhe livela ekutheni likwazi ukubulala i-hemolysis (ukubhujiswa). I-staphylococcus ye-Hemolytic - ukuthi iyini nokuthi idluliselwa kanjani, kubalulekile ukwazi ukwazi ukugwema ukutheleleka. Lolu hlobo lwe-staphylococcus lubangela izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ze-purulent emzimbeni. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokutheleleka yizi:
- Xhumana nomndeni. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka ngokudluliswa komuntu ogulayo kumuntu onempilo ngokuhlanganyela imikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka, izitsha, ilineni lokulala kanye nezingubo zangaphansi. Kungenzeka ukudlulisela ukutheleleka ngokuxhumana komzimba phambi kwamanxeba kanye nama-abrasions.
- Ezokwelapha. Isizathu sokungcola ngale ndlela kungukungasebenzi kahle kwezinto zokwelapha.
- Ukudonsa umoya. I-bacterium ingena ngothuli ngendlela yokuphefumula.
- I-oral-fecal. Ukutheleleka kubangelwa ukungahambisani nemithetho yokuhlanzeka kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile.
I-epidermal staphylococcus aureus
Loluhlobo lwebhaktheriya aluyingozi njengabalingani balo obala, ngoba luyingxenye ebalulekile ye-microflora yomuntu futhi lufaka usongo kuphela ngokunciphisa okukhulu ekukhunjweni. Kufanelekile ukukhuluma nge-staphylococcus ye-epidermal ukuthi idluliselwa ngokungahambisani nemithetho efanayo yokuhlanzeka, ngokuxhumana okuseduze nomuntu onegciwane kanye nezinsimbi zokwelapha ezingazange zisuswe ngokuphelele nge-disinfected.
Saprophytic Staphylococcus aureus
Loluhlobo lwebhaktheriya lungabhekwa njengento engenacala kakhulu, ngoba ezinganeni, isibonelo, cishe akunakwenzeka. Indawo yayo yindonga yangasese yesigqila nesikhumba ukuthi umngcele ngezidakamizwa, ngakho-ke i-saprophyte staphylococcus ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane futhi iyimbangela evamile ye-cystitis. Kwakukhona amacala lapho ukutheleleka kuholele ekuvuvukeni ezinso, bese kuhambisana ne-cystitis kwakudingeka ukwenze ukwelashwa kwe-pyelonephritis.
Yini ebangela i-staphylococcus aureus?
Ukuthola i-staphylococcus - siyini, sihlolisise ama-pathogens of infection, okuyinto engozini esimweni sempilo yabantu. Zonke zingaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile emzimbeni, kuye ngokuzikhukhumeza nezici ezithile, kodwa zonke lezi zifo zihlanganisa ukunakekelwa okusheshayo nokuphathwa okuphoqelekile. Noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kokutheleleka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-staphylococcus ye-hemolytic emphunjini noma i-cystitis idinga ukuqedwa kwesizathu esiyinhloko.
Amabhaktheriya angenangqondo emndenini weStaphylococcus angaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu futhi aholele ezinkingeni ezingathandeki, futhi ngokuvamile eziyingozi ngendlela:
- ukuxubha;
- ukulahlekelwa kwezwi noma okuphelele;
- umkhuhlane;
- i-pyelonephritis ;
- i-meningitis;
- endocarditis ;
- i-sepsis;
- i-abscess yamaphaphu;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesikhalazo.
Izimpawu ze-Staphylococcal Infection
Uma sicabangela izimpawu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka kwe-staphylococcal, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi isithombe somtholampilo singase sincike kakhulu esimweni sesiguli kanye nesifo segciwane, ngakho-ke siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele izimpawu ezijwayelekile zazo zonke izinhlobo zokutheleleka kwe-staphylococcal:
- ukwehla kwamandla;
- ukuvuvukala;
- i-hyperemia;
- ukwanda kokushisa;
- ikhanda;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- shintsha isitembu sezwi;
- ukucindezela okuphansi;
- ibhali;
- izinkinga zokuphefumula (ukukhwehlela, ukukhipha, ukuphefumula);
- umuzwa ongenakwenzeka wokunuka;
- ukunciphisa ukudla kanye nezinkinga emsebenzini wezinambuzane zamathumbu;
- sinusitis ezinhlobonhlobo;
- i-pyoderma;
- izifo zokuphefumula;
- i-osteomyelitis;
- i-cholecystitis ;
- Isifo se-Ritter;
- isifo soxhumo lwe-toxic.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Staphylococcus
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyingozi ze-staphylococcus futhi indawo yendawo yazo ingahluka, ngakho-ke ongoti onolwazi ngemuva kwe-anamnesis wenza i-aphoyintimenti yokulethwa kwezivivinyo. Njengomthetho, ama-smear avela emangqamuzaneni emakhaleni emakhaleni, ama-pharynx namanye awathathwa ukuze ahlaziywe, kanye negazi, ubisi lwebele, indwangu kanye nomchamo. Uma isiguli ngokwayo silungiselela isampula sendaba, kufanele uthenge isitsha esikhethekile ekhemisi eliqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kwento.
Izinkomba ezitholwe ucwaningo lwama-laboratory zifundwa ngabachwepheshe abadweba iziphetho ezifanele. I-Staphylococcus, i-nome yayo ehlukile kubantwana nakubantu abadala, ngamazinga ka-104 cfu / ml kokuqala no-102-103 cf / ml okwesibili ayifuni isongo emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, uma iningi labachwepheshe abaqiniseka ukuthi izinga liphansi kakhulu (ngezikhathi ezingu-10), ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola udokotela osebenza kahle ozokwenza iziphetho ezifanele.
I-Staphylococcus yindlela yokwelapha
Umbuzo wokuthi ungayinqoba kanjani i-staphylococcus ngokushesha kungadinga ukucatshungulwa okuningiliziwe, ngoba ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kungase kuhluke kuye ngokuthi kunjani. Kodwa-ke, zonke izinhlobo zokutheleleka kwe-staphylococcal ziyaphathwa ngezidakamizwa zama-antibiotic, futhi amagciwane asetshenziswayo - amagciwane ahlasela amangqamuzana e-bacteria, lapho i-staphylococci ihanjiswa khona.
Staphylococcus - ama-antibiotics okwelashwa
Uma ubeka "staphylococcus" isiteji, ama-antibiotics ayinqubo yokwelashwa yokuqala nokuqala. Phakathi kwamathuluzi amaningi ahlinzeka ngamakhemikhali anamuhla, umuntu angahlukanisa abaphumelelayo nabathandekayo kakhulu.
- I-Vancomycin. Ihanjiswe nge-intravenously. Isiza ukubhubhisa ingxenye eyingxenye yesikhumba sekhanda, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwayo.
- I-Oxacillin. Faka isicelo futhi uhambisane nomlomo, futhi ukhulume ngomlomo. Iphumelela ngokubhubhisa amabhaktheriya ngisho nasezinyathelweni eziseduze zokutheleleka.
- I-Cefotaxime. Ilawulwa nge-intramuscularly futhi nge-intravenously, icindezela ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhula kwamagciwane.
- Amoxicillin. Isetshenziswe ngomlomo. Siza ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka nokubhujiswa kwama-bacterium.
- Cefazolin. Ama-bacteria awafaki ezindongeni, okwenza kungavinjelwe futhi kuholela ekufeni. Faka isicelo nge-intravenously futhi nge-intramuscularly.
- I-Erythromycin. Ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni, okuyizinto eziyinhloko zokwakha.
- I-Clindamycin. Kufana nesenzo no-Erythromycin.
- Cephalothin. Ukulimaza ngokubambisana kokubili isikhumba futhi kungenzeka ukukhula.
- I-Cloxacillin. Ukuvimba i-membrane esiteji sokuhlukaniswa. Yamukelwa njalo amahora angu-6.
- I-Cephalexin. Ivimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zezinhlamvu zamangqamuzana.
- I-Clarithromycin. Lesi sidakamizwa siphumelela ngokuphumelelayo ngethuba lokukhiqiza amaprotheni athile, okuholela ekufeni kwebhaktheriya.
Bacteriophages kusuka staphylococcus aureus
Ukusetshenziswa kwama- bacteriophages ekwelapheni kwe-staphylococcus kufanele kuphela uma kutholakala inkinga ngokuqondile. Ukuphikiswa kwe-staphylococcus kule nkinga akunandaba, ngoba ama-bacteriophages enza njenge-sniper, ekhetha ngokunembile lokho okuhlosiwe futhi abulale amabhaktheriya ngaphakathi. Ukwelashwa nge-bacteriophages kwenziwa ngokunisela, izicelo kanye nokuphathwa kwama-rectal. Amanani ancike eminyakeni yobudala.
Staphylococcus - izifo zabantu
Ukwazi kusukela ekubukeni kwesayensi, staphylococcus, uhlobo luni lokutheleleka yilo, abaningi baphendukela ezindleleni ezingavumelani zokwelapha. Imithi yendabuko inikeza izindlela eziningi ezizosiza ekwelapheni noma yiluphi uhlobo lokutheleleka, kube yi-epidermal staphilococcus ebusweni, noma nge-saprophytic, ehambisana ne-cystitis. Zokupheka ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezilula:
- I-tincture ye-propolis. I-tincture elungiselelwe ye-propolis ithathwa ngomlomo noma njengenhlanzi. I-propolis igaya futhi igubungele phansi engaphansi kwesigamu se-litre, ugcwalise ngotshwala obunamandla (40% noma ngaphezulu), ubambelele endaweni emnyama okungenani ngesonto.
- Amaqabunga eBurdock no-comfrey. Thela izinto eziwusizo ngokulinganisa oku-1: 1 ngamanzi abilayo futhi ufune ingxenye yesigamu sehora, thatha kathathu ngosuku ama-50 amagremu.
- Uname wegolide. Izipuni ezimbili zamagilebhisi ziboshwe esikhwameni bese ziphonswa ilitha lamanzi abilayo. Pheka kuze kube umbala wamanzi igolide. Umhluzi obangelwayo usetshenziselwa ukuphuza esikhundleni samanzi kanye nama-lotions ezindaweni ezithintekayo (isibonelo, ukuxhaswa).