Umbuso ngamunye ngaphakathi ohlelweni lukazwelonke unekhalenda lokugoma izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa. Lesi yisilinganiso esibalulekile futhi esibalulekile esisiza ukuvimbela izifo eziwumshayabhuqe nokuqinisekisa impilo yezingane zethu. Kungani ukugoma kudingekile futhi kuyini indlela yokwenza kwabo?
Ukugonywa kungukungenisa izinto ezikhethekile ze-antigenic emzimbeni onamandla okwakha izifo ezithile. Kulesi simo, iningi lamagciwane lenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo oluthile. Kwamanye amacala, ukuvuselelwa kabusha kuyadingeka - ukujova okuphindaphindiwe.
Uhlelo lokugoma izingane kuze kube unyaka owodwa
Ake sicabangele isinyathelo ngesinyathelo okuyinhloko yazo:
- Usuku olulodwa lokuphila luhlotshaniswa nomuthi wokugoma wokuqala ovela esibhedlela B.
- Emini 3-6 umntwana unikezwa i-BCG - umgomo wokulwa nesifo sofuba.
- Lapho uneminyaka eyi-1, ukugoma kwesibindi se-hepatitis B kuphindaphindiwe.
- Izingane ezinenyanga ezintathu zigonywa ngokumelene ne-tetanus, i-pertussis ne-diphtheria (i-DTP), kanye ne-poliomyelitis nokutheleleka kwe-hemophilic.
- Iminyaka engu-4 yokuphila - i-DTP ephindaphindiwe, ukugoma ngokumelene ne-poliomyelitis kanye nezifo ze-hemophilic.
- Inyanga engu-5 yisikhathi se-DTP revaccination kanye nokugoma i-polio.
- Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, i-inoculation yesithathu evela ku-hepatitis B yenziwa.
- Izinyanga ezingu-12 - ukugoma ngokumelene nesishukela, i-rubella nama-mumps.
Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okungcono, siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele ithebula lokugoma izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi kunemigomo yokugunyazwa futhi eyengeziwe. Ithebula likhombisa ukugonywa okugunyazayo kwabantwana abangaphansi konyaka owodwa. Iqembu lesibili lemigomo lenziwa abazali ngokuthanda. Lezi zingagonywa uma ingane ishiya emazweni ashisayo, njll.
Yiziphi izindlela zokufaka imishanguzo?
- intramuscular - indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuphatha;
- ngomlomo - amaconsi ambalwa omuthi ajojowe ngomlomo (i- OPV - kusuka ku-poliomyelitis);
- ngokungahambisani - okukhethwa kukho okuhle kakhulu kwe-BCG;
- ukujova isishukela sangempela, i-rubella kanye nemigomo yokugoma;
- i-intranasally - ngosizo lwe-aerosol ingafaka imishanguzo ngokumelene nesishukela, i-rubella nomkhuhlane.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokugoma
Ngaphambi kokuba ugonyane ingane, kufanele uvakashele njalo udokotela ozohlola ingane. Kwezinye izimo kungcono ukubonisana nomuntu ophikisayo, isifo sezinzwa noma i-immunologist. Futhi, enye yezinto ezibalulekile zokunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukugoma kungumphumela wokuhlolwa komchamo negazi wengane.
Ngaphambi kokuba ugombele, gwema ukungenisa ukudla okungajwayelekile ekudleni kwengane. Lokhu kuzokusiza wenze iziphetho ezifanele ekuphenduleni komzimba ngemuva kokugoma.
Kumntwana kwakungelula ukuhamba nawe ekamelweni lokuxhaphaza, thatha ithoyizi yakho oyithandayo futhi kuzo zonke izindlela ungayithulisa.
Emva kokugoma sekuvele kwenziwe - ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo somntwana. Kwezinye izimo, ukusabela okunzima njengokufana nomkhuhlane, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, i-edema noma i-rash kwisayithi yokujola kungenzeka. Uma kukhona i-alamu, tshela udokotela wakho.
Ukuphikisana nokugoma
- Ngaphandle kwalokho ungenza ukugoma uma ingane ingenempilo - unomkhuhlane, izifo eziphefumulayo noma izifo ezithintekayo emathunjini.
- Kumele futhi unqabe ukugoma uma ukuphendula kudla kakhulu noma kungalungile ngemuva kokujova kwangaphambilini.
- Ungaphathi imithi yokuphila (OPV) ye-immunodeficiency.
- Ngesisindo somntwana ongaphansi kuka-2 kg akenzi i-BCG.
- Uma ingane inezinsalela emsebenzini wesistimu yezinzwa - ungenzi i-DPT.
- Uma kunesivinyo semvubelo yebhaki, akuvunyelwe ukugonywa ngokumelene nesifo sofuba
Ukugonywa kwabantwana abangaphansi konyaka owodwa kuyisici esibalulekile sempilo yengomuso yengane yakho. Yilalela ingane yakho bese ulandela izincomo zikadokotela wakho.