I-Ethiopia itholakala emabhantshini ase-subequatorial and equatorial, kodwa isimo sayo sezulu sinqunywa ukuphakama ngaphezu kwezinga lokudoba - yilo eliphakeme kunawo wonke amazwe ase-Afrika. Isimo sezulu lapha sinomzimba futhi sinomswakama, futhi singasho ukuthi uhlobo lwase-Ethiopia lucebile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda kule ndawo.
Imifula namachibi
I-Ethiopia itholakala emabhantshini ase-subequatorial and equatorial, kodwa isimo sayo sezulu sinqunywa ukuphakama ngaphezu kwezinga lokudoba - yilo eliphakeme kunawo wonke amazwe ase-Afrika. Isimo sezulu lapha sinomzimba futhi sinomswakama, futhi singasho ukuthi uhlobo lwase-Ethiopia lucebile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda kule ndawo.
Imifula namachibi
Imifula yaseTopiya igcwele kakhulu futhi ilawula kahle ukuchelela kwawo wonke umhlaba wezolimo. Iningi lemifula engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezintaba zaseTopiya iyingxenye yesitsha sokugcina amanzi eNayile. Imifula enkulu kunazo zonke emifuleni yezintaba, i-Abbay, emaphethelweni ayo aphansi okuthiwa i- Blue Nile , futhi itholakala emanzini amnandi kakhulu eTopiya - iTys-Isat , okuphakama kwawo kufinyelela ku-45 m, nobubanzi - 400 m.
Iminye imifula emikhulu yalesi sifunda yilezi:
- I-Takaze;
- I-Baro;
- Gilo.
Imifula engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezindawo eziphakeme zeTopiya ine-runoff eya e-Indian Ocean. Okukhulu kunazo zonke yi-Uabi-Shabelle, kanye nemifula eyimithombo ye-Jubba. Okunye okumele uqaphele ukuthi imifula efana ne- Awash ne- Omo .
Kuningi kakhulu eTopiya nasemachibini, kokubili usawoti namanzi ahlanzekile. Abaningi babo basendaweni enkulu yeRift Rift Zone. Kodwa ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Ethiopia, eTana, alixhunyiwe nalo. Le echibini inendawo engamamitha angu-3150 square. km ekujuleni okungaphezulu kwamamitha angu-15, kusuka kulokhu kuvela i-Blue Nile.
Idonga laseDanakil
Le ndawo egwadule isenyakatho yezwe. Libizwa ngokuthi indawo enzima kunazo zonke futhi engenasiphelo emhlabeni wethu. Izikhukhula ezinesibabule eziletha amagesi anobuthi obubi (ukushisa kwe-asidi ebusweni bawo kufinyelela +60 ° C), izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo - konke lokhu kwenza ihlane libe yisimo esihle kakhulu sokubukela amafilimu ngokudubula.
Noma kunjalo, ihlane laseDanakil liheha inani elikhulu lezivakashi, kuhlanganise nokubonga kwemifula emnandi, esimangalisayo ngesimo nombala.
Okukhangayo okuyinhloko kule ndawo kungabizwa ngokuthi:
- Intaba-mlilo yaseDallol iyindawo ephansi kunazo zonke e-Ethiopia kanye ne-volcano ephansi kakhulu emhlabeni. Intaba ingamamitha angu-48 ngaphansi kolwandle. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma okwenzeka ngo-1915, i-lake of violet-yellow nge-green interspersed. Ngendlela, incwadi ka-Enoke mayelana nale ndawo ibhaliwe njengenhlapho engapheli, futhi kuthiwa i-apocalypse izoqala kusukela lapha (ngokuyisisekelo, ekuchazeni ukuphela kwezwe kulula ukuthola incazelo yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo).
- Ichibi Assala. Izwe lakhe libuye libheke ngendlela ehle kunazo zonke: yilibi elidume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke (ngisho ne- Uyuni solonchak eBolivia ingaphansi kwaso ngezinga losawoti). Yakha ama-crystals eselwandle kulezi zibalo eziyinqaba kunazo zonke ezihlukahlukene kakhulu.
- Ichibi u-Erta Ale (futhi wasebenzisa inguqulo ye-"Ertale"). I-reservoir nayo ibukeka njenge-Underworld: kuyichibi lokubilisa futhi lingakaze lifakwe ama-lava. Itholakala engxenyeni ye- volcano esebenzayo yegama elifanayo .
Imifino yaseTopiya
Nakulokhu, ngenxa yendawo yezwe, cishe zonke izindawo zokutshala izitshalo zingatholakala ensimini yayo: i-desert, i-savannah, amahlathi ashisayo, amahlathi, i-savannah, amahlathini asendle ahlale eluhlaza, njll.
- Iningizimu-mpumalanga ingxenye. Cishe yonke le ndawo ibanjwe ucingo - ibhande eliphansi eliphakeme eliphakeme lamaTopiya Highlands (kuze kufike ku-1700 m ngaphezu kolwandle). Iqukethe izinkuni ze-xerophytic zomhlobo waseTopiya, futhi eduze kwemifula - ama-savannas anezihlahla (ama-acacia, i-myrrh, i-balanitis, njll) nezihlahla zomuntu ngamunye.
- Enyakatho nasenkabeni yezindawo eziphakeme. Lezi yizinsizakalo ze-subspecies ezihlukahlukene nezindawo ezihlangene zamahlathi alula. Izitshalo ezivamile lapha - zonke izikhala ezifanayo, kanye ne-ficus enkulu, imithi yempepho, ukuphela. Kwamanye amazwe, izindawo zehlathi ze-bamboo ziye zagcinwa, lapho izitshalo zifinyelela khona ubude obungaphezu kuka-10 m.
- Eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Highlands. Ihlanganiswa namahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Lapha kukhona umuthi wensimbi, i-ficus, i-cord, i-sgumgum, nekhofi ekhula njenge-undergrowth.
- Intaba yase-Savannah. Ezingeni eliphezulu kusuka ku-1700-2400 m kukhona ibhande le-war-degas. Izitshalo ezihlukahlukene kunazo zonke ngumnqumo wasendle, i-rose e-abyssini. Emaphethelweni emachibi kukhona ama-ficus amakhulu, futhi kukhona insimu efana nesihlahla.
- Amahlathi ajwayelekile. Kwenzeka endaweni efanayo. Izitshalo eziningi kakhulu ziyisihlahla esiphuzi, umjunipha omude, umsedari wamapensela. Njengengaphansi, kune-narrative shrub kat, okuyinto emazweni ase-Arab asetshenziselwa ukuhlafuna, futhi i-ephedra iphezulu.
- Amabhande weDegas neChok. Eyokuqala itholakala endaweni ephakeme yama-2500 kuya ku-3800 m, ibonakala ngamahlathi ase-bamboo nasezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlahleni eziphakeme (u-Abyssinian rose, i-tree-like heather, njll). Ngaphezulu nakakhulu ibhande elikhukhumezayo, lapho isitshalo esikhulu khona i-lobelia nesitshalo esisimile.
- Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi eNtshonalanga yezintaba kunezindawo eziningi ze-EQUALIPTAL - lesi sitshalo satshalwa, kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, ukubuyisela ukunciphisa amapheshana ehlathi.
Imfuyo
Kusobala ukuthi ngemithombo enjalo yemifula, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane zase-Ethiopia nazo zinkulu kakhulu. Lapha ungathola cishe zonke izinhlobo zezilwanyana ezihlala kuleli zwekazi lase-Afrika. Izilwane eziningi eziphilayo zihlala e-Ethiopia:
- I-jackal yaseTopiya (iSyamenskaya fox);
- i-antelope-nyala;
- Imbuzi yaseTopiya;
- I-Abyssinian colobus.
Izilwane ezivame kakhulu izimpungushe, izimpungushe nezinyamazane. Ungathola lapha ama-rhinoceroses, amavubu, ama-zebra, ama-giraffes, ama-antelopes, kanye nezilwane ezidliwayo - izingwe, ama-cheetah, i-servalov, njll. ITopiya ayiyona into ebizwa ngokuthi iparadesi yama-ornithologists - kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-920 zezinyoni:
- i-turako;
- izinyoni zezinyoni;
- weavers;
- izintshe;
- goose enamaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- Ogari;
- variegated nezinye.
Izindawo zokulondolozwa
Akunakusho ukuthi ukulondolozwa kwemvelo e-Ethiopia kuhle kakhulu, kodwa kuleli zwe kukhona amapaki kazwelonke angu-9, avikelwe yizitshalo eziphilayo ezingavamile kanye nezilwane ezingavamile.
Izakhamuzi ezidume kakhulu futhi ezithandwayo yizindawo zokupaka:
- I-Avash , ensimini yayo i-Fentale intaba-mlilo namanzi ashisayo atholakala;
- ipaki yaseMount Bale , lapho i-jackal yaseTopiya, intaba iNyala kanye nenja ye-hyena iyalindwa;
- Ema- ahlala khona imbuzi yase-Abyssinian imbuzi, i-monkey gelada, i-jackal yaseTopiya;
- Nechisar , endaweni lapho kukhona khona i-Chamo ne-Abai Lakes; Ipaki lihlala emahlathini, amajuba amnyama, izingulube ze-shrub.
Phakathi kwamanye amapaki kazwelonke wezwe kubalulekile ukubiza igama elinjalo:
- Abidjata-Shala;
- Gambela ;
- Omo;
- Mago;
- Yangudi.