- Ikheli: Barch Dar, Ethiopia
Enye yezinhlelo zamanzi ezigcwele kakhulu futhi ezidumile zezwekazi lase-Afrika kanye nomhlaba wonke - uMfula iNayile - uvela emigodini emibili: i-White ne-Blue Nile, bese igeleza ifike eMfuleni iMedithera. Izinganekwane zaseGibhithe laseGibhithe zadumisa iNayile iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Kodwa konke ukuphuma komfula omkhulu kunomlando wayo futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ezweni lapho ligeleza khona.
I-Geography ye-Blue Nile
Umfula weNayile (iNayile) - umfula iBlue Nile - unamaphesenti angu-1,783 ubude obuphelele futhi uvela emazweni aphakeme aseTopiya (Abyssinian) e-Chokeh Mountains nasemanzini aseLake Tana. I-Blue Nile engaba ngu-800 km igeleza insimu yaseTopiya , bese iya e-confluence ne-White Nile ensimini yombuso waseSudan. Ukuqhuma kwechibi ngo-1830 m ngaphezu kwezilwandle kugunyazwe ibhomu lendawo, lapho kwakhiwa isiteshi samandla kagesi.
Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yeTopiya, i-Blue Nile yendawo yabantu ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Abbay River. Ngisho nasezinsukwini zethu, ekhulwini lama-21, inhlanhla efanele yeNayile, njengangaphambili, ithathwa njengesiteshi esingcwele, esivela ePharadesi (e-Eden). Ngezinsuku zemikhosi kahulumeni nangokwenkolo nemikhosi , i-Blue Nile ithola iminikelo evela kwabakhileyo ezindaweni zokuhlala ngasogwini ngesimo sesinkwa neminye imikhiqizo yokudla.
I-Blue Nile inezinhlobo zayo - uRahad noDinder. Ukudla okuyinhloko komfula wonke imvula.
Incazelo ye-Blue Nile
I-tributary efanele yeNayile kusukela emthonjeni wayo ngokushesha ukuthola amandla futhi kuze kufike ku-580 km ngumfula ohamba ngomkhumbi. I-500 km yokuqala yesiteshi igeleza phakathi kwe-canyon lasendulo, ukujula kwayo okuhluka kusuka ku-900 ukuya ku-1200 m. Lapha ubona ama-rapids asheshayo namapopho amahle. Ububanzi bomgwaqo wamanzi e-canyon buyi-100-200 m. Amanzi asezindaweni eziphansi zeBlue Nile asetshenziselwa ukulima, ukuchelela ukotini nokuhlinzeka ngamanzi abantu.
Ngesikhathi semvula enkulu, i-Blue Nile ingaphezu kuka-60% we-runoff, futhi ngokusho kweminye imibiko - engama-75% eNayile yonke. Ukugeleza kwamanzi okulinganiselwa ku-2350 cubic metres. m ngomzuzwana. Kodwa ngenkathi eyomile umfula awujulile. Ngo-2011, iziphathimandla zaseTopiya zaqala ukuxhasa izimali ezinkulu - Idamu elikhulu laseTopiya "Ukuvuselela". Le phrojekthi kufanele ifakwe ama-hydrouniti angu-radial-axial angama-5250 MW.
Kuyini okuthakazelisayo nge-Nile Blue?
Eshiya i-Ethiopia, i-Blue Nile iwela insimu yaseSudan, izakhamuzi zayo ziyibiza ngendlela yazo: umfula iBahr al-Azraq. Kodwa-ke, ukuhunyushwa kwangempela kusuka e-Arabhu yiyona "ulwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Kodwa ngolimi lwesi-Amharic, okuyinto iningi labaseTopiya elikhuluma, i-Blue Nile ibizwa ngokuthi "umfula omnyama".
Emadolobhaneni edolobha lase-Er-Rosérez, izivakashi eziningi zenza izithombe ezizikhunjulwayo zoMfula iNayile i-Blue Nile: esinye seziqhingi ezinkulu eSudan lakhiwe lapha. Esinye isitshalo se-hydropower efakwe emfuleni edolobheni laseSennar. Okuqhubekayo emfuleni kakade kuseduze nenhloko-dolobha yaseKhayrtoum futhi kuvela iNayile eyaziwayo: nansi iphuzu lokuhlanganiswa kwezimbangi ezimbili: i-Blue Nile ne-White.
Ungafika kanjani?
Imvelaphi yeBlue Nile ingafinyelelwa njengengxenye yokuvakashela eLake Tana noma ngemoto ngokuzimela. Umkhumbi we-Great Nile uqala eduze kwedolobha laseBarh Dar , lapho kungenzeka khona ukufika esitokisini seTana ngetekisi ngisho nangezinyawo.
Abavakashi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukunakekelwa kwezicathulo ezikhululekile nezembatho ezifanele.