I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho - izimpawu kanye nokwelapha, kanjani ukuvimbela umdlavuza?

Phakathi kwe-pathologies eqondile yesimiso sokuzala, i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho ithatha indawo ehlukile. Ihambisana nokushintsha kwesakhiwo samaseli, ngakho kunzima ukuyihlolisisa lesi sifo. Ngokuvamile itholakale esiteji sekwephuzile, ehambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga.

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho - iyini?

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho inqubo yokwelapha, ehambisana nokuphulwa kwentuthuko ye-epithelium flat kule ndawo. Ngenxa yalezi zinguquko, amaseli kancane kancane alahlekelwa yizindawo zawo, abangela ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezicubu ze-epithelial. Lokhu kungenxa yokuphazanyiswa kokuqedwa kwe-epithelium. Lolu shintsho ku-gynecology lubizwa nge-hyperplasia.

Ukuthola i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho kungenzeka nge-microscopy yesampula lesishukela kusuka kwisayithi elungisiwe (i-cervical and uterine dysplasia). Isiguli akakwazi ukusola ukuthi ubukhona bakhe isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuchaza ukuxilongwa kwe-hyperplasia ekuhlolweni kwezifo ezithathelanayo zokugula. Ukubonakala kwamaseli ase-atypical ezicubu ze-epithelial yomlomo wesibeletho ngokuvamile kubangela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesiguli.

Iyiphi i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho eyingozi?

Ingozi enkulu yalesi sifo ingengozi enkulu yokulimala - ukubola kube umdlavuza. I-dysplasia ejulile yomlomo wesibeletho cishe iphenduka i-oncoprocess. Amathuba okuhlakulela okunjalo kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

1. Izinyathelo zenqubo yokwelashwa - ukuphakama izinga lesifo, ingozi enkulu yokufa.
2. Ubudala besiguli. Lapho i-dysplasia ithinta uhlelo lokuzala lwabasifazane abasebasha, abaneminyaka engu-25-35 ubudala, kunenkinga ekukhetheni imithi yokwelapha. Ukuze kulondolozwe umsebenzi wokuzala, odokotela abahlinzeki ukwelapha ukwelashwa, futhi ingozi yokuqhubeka nokukhubazeka kwanda kakhulu.
3. Izifo ezihambisanayo zesimiso sokuzala - izifo ezingapheli kanye nezinqubo zokuvuvukala esibelethweni zivame ukuhambisana nezinguquko epithelium yomlomo wesibeletho, ibe yindlela yokuthuthukisa i-hyperplasia
4. Isikhathi sokuqala kwenqubo yokwelashwa - ukutholakala kamuva kwedysplasia kubangela ingozi enkulu yokulimala.

I-dysplasia ye-cervical - degree

Lesi sifo siphuthuka kancane kancane. Odokotela bakhe bamanje bahlukanisa izigaba ezintathu. Incazelo ngayinye ilandelayo:

• imiphumela ye- biopsy ;
• Idatha yokuhlolwa kwakhe ngokweqile (ukuhlola isakhiwo, i-morphology yamaseli) we-mucosa yomlomo wesibeletho.

Kuncike ekushintsheni okwenziwe, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo zokukhubazeka:

• i-dysplasia ephansi yomlomo wesibeletho (i-1st degree);
• ukulinganisela (izinga lesibili);
• Isibi (i-3rd degree).

I-dysplasia yesibeletho ye-degree elingu-1

I-dysplasia ekhanyayo noma i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho we-degree eli-1 ibonakala ngenqubo eqinisekisiwe yokuphindaphinda kwamaseli we-basal ungqimba we-epithelium flat. Izendlalelo ezingaphezulu aziguquli isakhiwo sabo: i-microscopy yabo ayibonakali izinguquko ze-pathological. Isakhiwo sihambisana ngokuphelele nesimiso esijwayelekile, izinguquko zesimo sezulu asibhalwa. Izinguquko zikhonjiswe ku-1/3 yobukhulu obukhulu bezicubu. Lelizinga likwazi ukusiza kahle ukwelapha.

I-dysplasia yesibeletho yesilinganiso sesi-2

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho yesilinganiso sesibili ihambisane nokwanda kwezinhlaka zamaselula ezakhiweni ezisemkhatsini we-basal kanye nezidalwa ze-epithelium yomlomo wesibeletho. Kukhona ukuphazanyiswa kokubeka: kwezinye izingxenye zamaseli wesisindo esendeni esiseduze kungatholakala. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa nge-microscopy. Ngokuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwendawo ethintekile, odokotela balungisa lo mdwebo ngesakhiwo sezingqimba. Kulesi sigaba sesifo, u-2/3 we-epithelium yonke yomlomo wesibeletho ubandakanyeka enkambweni yokugula.

I-dysplasia yesibeletho yesilinganiso sesithathu

Isibonakaliso sokuthola i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho yesilinganiso sesithathu ukuhlukunyezwa kwazo zonke izingxenye ze-multilayer epithelium. Lapho kwenziwa ukuhlonza ukuhlukana kwenqubo ye-pathological, amangqamuzana amaningi e-atypical atholakala emathisini e-epithelial ngokwawo. Zinesakhiwo esihlukile, futhi isakhiwo sazo sihlukile kunomzimba wokuphila. Isendlalelo esingenasici se-epithelium sinesakhiwo esijwayelekile. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okudingekayo, ingozi yokuguga ibe ngumdlavuza idlula 90%.

Izimbangela ze-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho

Izimbangela ze-dysplasia ngokuvamile zibangelwa izici eziningana. Leli qiniso liyinkimbinkimbi inqubo yokuhlonza futhi idinga ukuhlaziywa okuningi. Phakathi kwezici ezivusa amadlingozi:

1. I-papillomavirus yabantu. Le-agent ye-causative iyakwazi ukuphazamisa uhlelo lokuzala, okwenza i- herpes yesisu . Kulesi sifo, ngenxa yomsebenzi obalulekile wegciwane, i-membrane yamangqamuzana yomlomo wesibeletho ishintshwe, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwesakhiwo sayo seselula.
2. Ukulimala kwezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho. Ukusebenza ohlelweni lokuzala, ukukhishwa okuvamile, ukutholakala kwesisu ku-anamnesis kuvame ukuqhuma izinguquko kwisakhiwo samasondo we-epithelium yomlomo wesibeletho. Futhi, ukulimala kusebenze izinqubo zokuvuselelwa, lapho ukuhlukaniswa kweseli kuthuthukiswa khona. Uma inqubo ihambisana nokuphambene nokusabalalisa kwendawo, amathuba okuba i-dysplasia yanda.
3. Izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezingapheliyo. Ukuvuvukala isikhathi eside kuholela ekuhleleni kabusha kwe-epithelium, ehambisana nokuphulwa kwemithi yomzimba, ingozi eyengeziwe ye-dysplasia.
4. Ukuhluleka kwe-Hormonal. Ukuphazanyiswa kwesistimu ye-hormone kungase kuhambisane nokuhlanganiswa okunamandla kwamahomoni ocansi. Ngaphansi kwethonya labo kuqala ukwanda kwezicubu zomzimba, ngenxa yalokho futhi kudala i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho wezinga eliphansi.
5. Izinqubo ezithathelwanayo ohlelweni lokuzala. Ucwaningo oluqhutshwa odokotela luye lwabonisa ingozi eyengeziwe yokwehla kwesifo se-dysplasia lapho kukhona izifo zesimiso sokuzala. I-Trichomoniasis , i-gonorrhea, i- chlamydia yilabo abathandana nabo njalo.

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho - izimpawu

Lesi sifo asizibonakali isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane bafunda ngakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-prophylactic, ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yezinkinga zokubeletha ngokuba khona kwamanye ama-pathologies. Izimpawu ze-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho aziqondile, ngakho-ke zingabhalwa kwezinye izifo zesimo somzimba. Ukusola kukadokotela nge-pathology efana ne-cervical dysplasia kungenzeka uma lezi zimpawu zilandelayo:

1. Ubuhlungu endaweni yokulima, engxenyeni engezansi yesisu. Kubonakala ngokuqhubeka kwe-pathology futhi kunezici ezihlukahlukene: ukukhala, ukuphoqa, ukudonsa.
2. Ukukhishwa kwamagciwane kusuka emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile kunomlingiswa wegazi futhi akuhlobene nokuya esikhathini. Uma ngabe i-agent esebenzayo isinamathiselwe, kukhona ukwanda kwezimfihlo, ukushintsha kokuvumelana kwabo.
3. Ukuqinisa ukugeleza kokuya esikhathini, ukwandisa isikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
4. Ukwanda kokushisa komzimba kwenzeka kuphela lapho inqubo yokuvuvukala emtholampilo ifakwe.

I-Dysplasia yesibeletho - Ukuxilongwa

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho itholakala yizifundo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Schiller ukutholakala kwezingxenye ze-epithelium flat multilayered esampula sampled isampula.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PAP - i-microscopy ye-smear ethathwe emgodini wesibeletho, ngencazelo yesakhiwo, isimo kanye nenombolo yamaseli.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe- Colposcopy ye-membrane emangcwabeni entanyeni nge-microscope enyuka kakhulu.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dajin - ukutholakala kwegazi lesiguli sezingxenye ze-DNA yegciwane le-papilloma, okuvame ukubangela i-dysplasia.

Njengoba kutholakala ukuthi "i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho," i-biopsy yenziwa hhayi kuphela ukuveza imbangela yokugula, kodwa futhi nokuhlola isakhiwo samaseli. Ukukhwabanisa kwenziwa ngokuhloswe: ngesigaba sokuguqulwa komlomo wesibeletho, udokotela uthatha isampula lesishukela, esincane kakhulu. Ngokwemvelo yezinguquko, umuntu angakwazi ukwahlulela isigaba senqubo yokwelapha, ukusabalala kwayo.

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho - ukwelashwa

Ngaphambi kokwelapha i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho, odokotela benza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesiguli. Inhloso yalo ukucacisa imbangela, eyaba yindlela yokuqeda lesi sifo. Ngemva kokuxilongwa nge-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho, odokotela banquma indlela yokwelapha lesi sifo esibheka izici ezibangelwa ukukhubazeka. Izinyathelo zokwelapha ezenziwa odokotela zihloselwe:

• ukunciphisa inqubekela phambili ye-dysplasia;
• ukususwa kwamasayithi wezicubu eziguquliwe;
• ukuqedwa kokuphindaphindiwe.

Ukwelashwa kwe-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho nge-wave wave method

Ukwelashwa kwe-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho ngamagagasi omsakazo kwenziwa enkundleni yokuphulukisa iziguli. Le nqubo yabonakala sengathi i-atraumatic - isikhathi sokuphumula sinesikhathi esifushane, ukubunjwa kobuningi ngemuva kokuphulukiswa akukhipha. Okuyinhloko yile mbono ukusetshenziswa kwamagagasi omsakazo wezimvamisa eziphezulu (3.8-4 MHz), okungeke kwenziwe ukuthintana okungathintana naye.

Phakathi neseshini yokwelashwa, akukho ukuchotshozwa okubuhlungu kwe-myometrium, ngakho isiguli asizwa ubuhlungu. Isidingo se-anesthesia kule nqubo asikho. I-radiation therapy ye-dysplasia iboniswa lapho:

1. Uma wenza ikholposcopy esibelethweni sesibeletho, i-patch yezicubu ze-epithelial yatholakala ngokusakazeka esifundeni somlomo wesibeletho.
2. I-Dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho we-degree 2-3, ehambisana nemiphumela ye-PAP test, yembula.
3. Kukhona isisu esinomdlavuza esitholakala ku-cytology.

Ukwelashwa kwe-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho nge-laser

Indlela entsha yokwelapha lesi sifo, umphumela wayo obonakala ngokushesha ngemva kwenqubo. Ngalendlela yokwelapha, udokotela wenza i-cauterization ye-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho usebenzisa i-laser ibhambe njengethuluzi. Ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe, ukuqina komsakazo kukhethiwe, ukujula kokungena kunqunywe, ngokwezinga lesifo.

Inqubo inikezwa ekuqaleni komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Usuku lwama-5-7 yisikhathi esihle salo. Ngaphambi kokwelashwa lo wesifazane uhamba nge-colposcopy, unikeza i-smear ku-cytology. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yalezi zifundo, udokotela unquma ukwelashwa kwesilinganiso, usungula indawo eqondile yesifunda somlomo wesibeletho esithintekile. Uchoko ngokwalo ludlula imizuzu engu-15-20. Ukuqeda ukutholakala kwama-tissue uterine kwenzeka emavikini angu-4-6. Phakathi nesikhathi sokutakula, izifo zemizimba zeluleka:

1. Hlangani ubulili ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-1-14.
2. Ungathathi okufudumele, unqabe ukuvakashela ama-sauna, amabhati, islarium.
3. Ukuvivinya umzimba.

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho - ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kuboniswa i-dysplasia enamandla. Okuphoqelekile kuyisimiso sokuqala se-cytology, inhloso yokukhipha inqubo yezinto eziphilayo futhi inqume isigaba sesifo. Lapho benza ukwelapha okuhlinzekwa, odokotela basebenzisa inqubo yezingxenye ezinhle kakhulu zezicubu ze-epithelial entanyeni ngesakhiwo eshintshiwe. Kubizwa ngokuthi abahlinzayo njengendlela yokukhishwa komlomo wesibeletho (ngebanga lesi-3 dysplasia kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha). Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, odokotela basusa ingxenye yesikhumba sezinyosi zesimo esifana nesibindi.

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho - ukubikezela

Isibikezelo saloluhlobo lwe-pathology sincike ku:

• isikhathi sokuthola isifo;
• iminyaka yesiguli;
• ukutholakala kwezinkinga ezihambisanayo ohlelweni lokuzala.

Ngakho-ke, uma owesifazane ethola ukuthi une-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho ye-1 degree, ukuphawula kweso kulungile. Amathuba okuthola ngokugcwele angaphezu kwama-90%. Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kwedysplasia ku-2 nd no-3 rd esigabeni kubhekene nokwehla kwesifo somdlavuza. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngisho nokwelapha okuhlinzekwayo akukhiyi ukuphindaphinda, okubonakala emaphoyiseni angu-40-55% wesifo.

I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho nokukhulelwa

Ukuba khona kwalesi sifo akuyona inkinga yokuzala ingane lapho iqala ukubonakala. Ukuphulwa ngokwayo akuthinti izinqubo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine kwengane, akuphazamisi ukusebenza kwe-placenta. Ngetulu kwalokho, ukukhulelwa akukwenzelisi le nqubo yokwelashwa, akusho ukuthi kube nzima. I-dysplasia etholakalayo yomlomo wesibeletho ekukhulelweni ibonisa ukubonwa okunamandla kwesiguli.

Ngesilinganiso esiphezulu se-dysplasia, odokotela balula i-colposcopy . Ukuhlola kabusha kwenziwa emva kokulethwa. Uma kukhona ukusola kwe-dysplasia eqinile, i-biopsy ehlosiwe ingase ibekwe - ngaphandle kokulimala. Uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa, i-colposcopy iphindaphindwa njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu, kuze kube yilapho kuzalwa. Ngemuva kokulethwa, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kunqunywe.