Wonke umuntu okhulisa imifino ufuna ukuthola isivuno esikhulu. Isiko esivame kakhulu futhi esidumile semifino yizo amazambane, okuyinto emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele ngokufanele acatshangwa ngokuthi "isinkwa sesibili". Ngokujwayelekile isilinganiso samazambane esivela ku-1 hektare akudluli amathani ayi-15-20. Kodwa lezi zibonakaliso eziphansi kakhulu! Eqinisweni, ukuvunwa kwezitshalo zempande kungaba enkulu kakhulu. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi ungayandisa kanjani isivuno sezambane?
Izinto ezithinta isivuno samazambane
Ama-potato isivuno ngalinye ngehektha ngalinye lihlobene ngqo nezici eziningi:
- izinga lezambatho zamazambane;
- ukulungiselela imbewu;
- ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe bokufika;
- isifunda sokulima kanye nezimo zezulu;
- ikhwalithi yomhlabathi;
- ukuphuzisa;
- ukukhulelwa kwendawo yamazambane ekhulayo;
- ukulawula izifo nezinambuzane;
- ukuqhuba imisebenzi ekunakekeleni amasiko.
Indlela yokwandisa isivuno sezambane?
Isivuno esiphezulu samazambane singanikezwa uma kunemibandela eminingi ehlangene. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhetha ezihlukahlukene zamazambane, okukhuliswa ngempumelelo kule ndawo. Kufanele iqondiswe yiRejista Yombuso Yezitshalo Ezihlwanyelwe, ekhuthazwa ukulima endaweni ethile. Kumele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi ngisho nokuhlukahluka okuphawulekayo lapho kutshalwa indawo eyodwa iminyaka eminingana kancane kancane kunciphisa isivuno. Ngakho-ke, njalo eminyakeni emi-3 ukuya kwengu-4, udinga ukushintsha indaba yokutshala.
Ukuze ukhule amazambane, iningi elifanele kunazo zonke inhlabathi enesakhiwo esinika umswakama omuhle kanye nokuphefumula emoyeni, ikakhulukazi isihlabathi esinesihlabathi nesihlabathi. Kodwa ubumba kanye nenhlabathi ye-solonchak ayifanele ukutshala izimpande zezitshalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuthi kukhishwe ukukhishwa kwekhwalithi ukuze izilimo eziyizigaxa zithole umswakama okwanele kanye nomoya ngesikhathi semifino. Kuhle kakhulu, uma i-alfalfa kanye nezinye izitshalo zefolda, kanye nezitshalo, zazibandakanyeka njengezicucu (abandulele).
Ngendlela engcono kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane okuqala nokuphuza kuthinteka ekusetshenzisweni kwamanyolo wokulima. Kungaba ukugqoka okuphezulu okungokwemvelo (umquba, umquba wokulahlwa noma izinyoni zamaminerali) kanye nama-fertilizer, ikakhulukazi ama-potassium-phosphorus. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zamazambane, ukwesekwa nge-fertilizer equkethe umquba nakho kuyadingeka.
Izindlela zezobuchwepheshe zokwandisa izithelo zamazambane
Ukufezekisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe ekutshaleni amazambane: ukhula, ukukhuphuka, ukulwa nabantu abahlukumeza, yisibopho sesitshalo esihle.
Kunezindlela eziningi ezivumela ukwandisa ukuvunwa kwamazambane.
Indlela yeGülich
Umhlaba uhlukaniswe waba izingxenye ze-1x1 m. Esigabeni ngasinye, ama-humus aqaliswa futhi kutholakala i-tuber enkulu. Emva kokuvela kwamahlumela enkabeni yamahlathi athululiwe enhlabathini, ukuze amahlumela akhule ekhoneni. Inqubo iphindwe kuze kube yilapho kuhlanganiswa isihlahla esinama-multiple tiers. Ngokunisela okuhle, isitshalo esisodwa siveza ama-apula ama-16 kg.
Amazambane atshalwe emibhedeni 0.5 m ububanzi kanye no-1 m phakathi kwawo. Imibhede ihlanganiswe ngamapulangwe aso ukuze ulondoloze amanzi. Isiko sivame ukuphuziswa futhi izikhathi ezintathu zonyaka zondliwa, kodwa ayikho intaba. Le ndlela ivumela ukunciphisa indawo eyabelwe amazambane bese ukwandisa isivuno sibe ngamathani angama-50-55 kusuka ku-1 hektare.
Ubuchwepheshe beDashi
Ubuchwepheshe beDutch okwamanje bukuvumela ukuba uqoqe 2 kg wezilimo eziyizigaxa ezivela esihlahleni. Okuvelele ukuthi amazambane okutshala kufanele abe no-3 - 5 cm ububanzi futhi ahlelwe ngamalungiselelo akhethekile. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe emaqenjini ama-25 cm high, imigqa emkhatsini wemigqa ayikho ngaphasi kwama-65 cm. Isikhathi sithengiswa okungenani izikhathi ezintathu futhi sikhululwe ngenhlabathi ye-aeration. Isonto nengxenye ngaphambi kokuvuna okuhleliwe kususiwe zonke iziqongonga.
Enye indlela ephumelelayo yokwandisa isivuno sezambane kuwukuqeda iziqu ezinqamule esigabeni sokubunjwa kwebhodlela.