Sivame kangakanani ukuzwa mayelana nokungahloniphi kwamalungelo abasha, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile bakhunjulwa kuphela emva kwecala labo elilandelayo eliphezulu. Kodwa emva kwakho konke, intombazane idinga ukwazi ukuthi yiliphi amalungelo analo emndenini nasesikoleni, umuntu akakwazi ukukhumbula isidingo semfundo kule ndawo kuphela ngesikhathi sokudalula ukwephula kwabo okulandelayo okudabukisayo. Uma kungenjalo, yiluphi uhlobo lokuvikelwa nokugcinwa kwamalungelo ezingane nezintsha ezisencane ezingashiwo, uma izingane ngokwazo zingenayo imibono ngamalungelo abo? Ngendlela, ngenkathi singabantu abadala, ngaphandle kokungqubuzana okungaqondakali mayelana nelungelo lokuphila, singasho ukuthi yiziphi amalungelo intsha enayo? Akusobala ukuthi, ngoba kuzo zonke izinyathelo bahlukunyezwa, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezindaba zomsebenzi kanye namalungelo okusebenza abasha. Ngakho-ke intsha yimuphi uhlobo?
I-UN Convention iqinisekisa amalungelo alandelayo:
- ilungelo lokuphila - ukuzalwa, ukuhlala kanye nezinsizakalo zezokwelapha ezingabizi;
- ilungelo lokuthuthukiswa - imfundo, ukuzilibazisa, ukuzijabulisa kanye nokuhlanganyela emphakathini wamasiko;
- ilungelo lokuvikela - ukunakekela izintandane, ababaleki, kanye nokuvikelwa ekuthengeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa;
- ilungelo lokuhlanganyela ngokuzikhandla empilweni yomphakathi - ukuqinisekisa inkululeko yokukhuluma, inkolo, unembeza.
Amalungelo omusha esikoleni
Amalungelo ingane esikoleni awaphelelanga ilungelo lokuthola imfundo yamahhala. Intsha nayo inelungelo loku:
- ukuhlinzeka izincwadi ezivela emalini yomtapo wesikole;
- ukukhetha isikhungo semfundo kanye nenhlelo yemfundo;
- usizo lokufundisa nezengqondo;
- ukudluliselwa kwesinye isikhungo semfundo;
- inkululeko yokukhuluma nokuhlonipha izinkolelo zomuntu;
- beshiya isikhungo ukuba baqede imfundo yesibili lapho beneminyaka engu-15, ngokuvumelana nabazali;
- ukuqeqeshwa ezimweni eziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo, futhi nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zanamuhla nezindinganiso zokuqeqesha;
- ukubamba iqhaza ngokuzithandela ekwenzeni ngcono isikole;
- Ukubamba imihlangano nemibuthano ngesikhathi sesikhathi esingekho esikoleni uma kwenzeka bekungabaza ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abo;
- ukudala izinhlangano zomphakathi esikoleni, kusukela eneminyaka engu-8.
Amalungelo omusha emndenini
Ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali, izingane ezineminyaka engama-6-14 ubudala zinelungelo lokwenza imisebenzi encane yasendlini, ukulahla izimali ezihlinzekwa ngabalondolozi noma abazali, nokwenza imisebenzi ezokwenza inzuzo ngaphandle kwezindleko zemali.
Ngemva kokufinyelela eminyakeni engu-14, amalungelo omntwana asanda. Manje unelungelo lokulahla imali yakhe (ukufundiswa, ukuhola noma enye imali engenayo); ukujabulela wonke amalungelo wabalobi bemisebenzi yobuciko, isayensi, izincwadi noma isakhiwo; ukutshala imali kuma-akhawunti asebhange bese uwachitha ngokwabo.
Amalungelo abasebenzi abasha
Umsebenzi kungenzeka kusuka eneminyaka engu-14 ngokuvunyelwa kwabazali kanye nenyunyana yenhlangano. Umqashi phambi kwezindawo zokusebenzela unesibopho sokuthatha lo mncane ukusebenza. Ingane inelungelo lokuqashelwa lingasebenzi lapho lifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-16. Ngabantwana, isivumelwano sokugcwaliswa okuphelele asiphethwanga, futhi abavunyelwe ukwabela izivivinyo uma kuqashwa. Futhi, intombazane ayikwazi ukuqashwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu, uma kuvunyelwene neyunyunyana, isikhathi sesilingo singadluliselwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Akuvunyelwe ukuvuma izingane ukuba zisebenze ezihlobene nokulimala futhi