Ukuchaza lo mqondo, eziningi zisho ukuhlukumezeka, izingxabano kanye nezikhala ngaphansi kwalo, kodwa zihlanganisa indawo ebanzi yomsebenzi wabantu futhi akuzona ezonakalisa njalo. Izintshisekelo zezinhlangothi zihlangene ezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi - ezemisebenzi, ezomnotho, ezenhlalakahle, njll. Iyini impikiswano - kulesi sihloko.
Psychology of conflict
Uma kungekho isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqembu, lapho wonke umuntu efuna ukuthatha isikhundla esingavumelani noma esingqubuzanayo nesithakazelo komunye, kuvele ukuphikisana. Isayensi yezimpikiswano ifunda umqondo wezingxabano. Ibuye ibonise inkinga, izisusa ezigqugquzela abahlanganyeli ukuba bahlangane, izikhundla zabo nezinhloso zabo. Okuyinhloko yezingxabano kuyahluka, kodwa kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa phakathi kwabahlanganyeli, imizwelo emibi , kodwa uma ufuna, ungathola indlela yokuphuma.
Imiphakathi yezingxabano
Kunoma imuphi umphakathi, ukushayisana kungenakugwemeka, ngoba lokhu kuyisimo esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Futhi kunzima nakakhulu, amaqembu amaningi anezintshisekelo eziphikisanayo futhi ezihlangene kuwo, izizathu ezengeziwe zokuvela kwezingxabano. Ukuxazulula izingxabano kuncike kakhulu ekuhlosweni okulandelwa abadlali kanye nesifiso sabo sokuxazulula isimo ngendlela enhle noma engafanele. Vula umzabalazo wezinhlangothi futhi ukulwa kwangempela kungavusa ukungahambisani nezidingo kanye namanani.
Izimbangela zempi
Lesi simo siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siningi kakhulu futhi izici ezenza ukuthi zihluke kakhulu:
- Amanani angokomoya, impahla.
- Izimbangela zezingxabano nazo zihlobene nokungapheleli kohlaka lomthetho oluthuthukile.
- Ukuntuleka kwezimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomuntu.
- Labo abazibuza ukuthi kungani izingxabano zenzeka, kufanelekile ukuphendula ukuthi ngenxa yezici ezikhethekile ze-psyche. Izingxabano ezivela eqenjini zivela ngenxa yezinkolelo eziphikisayo zokucabanga nokuziphatha.
- Ukuqwashisa okubi. Ukungabi nolwazi ezindabeni ezithile nakho kuholela ekubhekaneni.
Izinzuzo kanye nokuqeda ukulwa
Ochwepheshe baphikisana kakhulu ngendima yokulwa emphakathini futhi baqaphele izici ezilandelayo ezimbi :
- Izindleko zesikhashana nezamandla, futhi kwezinye izimo izinto ezibonakalayo.
- Imizwelo engcolile, eyenza ngokuphumelelayo futhi ingabangela ukuvela kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kuyingqayizivele kweso simo esinjengokungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu. Umzabalazo wangaphakathi, uma umuntu engazi ukwenza kangcono nangendlela efanele ngokwengeziwe, kubonakala kabi emsebenzini wesistimu ye-central central, isimiso senhliziyo, njll.
- Uma ucabanga ukuthi kukhona ukungqubuzana, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukungahambi okunjalo njengokulwa okuvulekile, okuyinto evame ukuholela emathonyeni nasempi, okungukuthi, impi.
- Ukuwohloka kobuhlobo kanye nesimo sezulu sezenhlalo nezengqondo.
- Ukuwa kwegunya nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa komsebenzi.
Izinhlangothi ezinhle zihlanganisa:
- Ukususa i-voltage nokucacisa isimo. Ngemva kokubona iphuzu lomphikisi, kulula ukuyiqonda futhi inqume izindlela zokuphuma kulezi zimo.
- Izinhlangothi ezinhle zengxabano zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kobudlelwano obusha ekupheleni kwengxabano. Ukushayisana okunjalo kunikeza ithuba lokubukeza kabusha imibono yabo ngezinto ezijwayelekile bese uqala ukwakha ubudlelwane ngendlela entsha. Izingxabano emndenini , okwenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu, ziqinisa umshado uma indoda nomfazi benesithakazelo ekuyigcineni. Endabeni yenhlangano, lokhu kuholela ekubumbeni kweqembu, uma lokhu kungavumelani nemigomo jikelele kanye nezisekelo eziphathelene nobuhlobo.
- Emphakathini wezenhlalakahle, ulinganisela futhi uqinise lesi simo ngenxa yezimpikiswano, izingxoxo, ukuyekethisa, njll.
- Umthwalo wezinhlangothi ukwanda.
Izinhlobo zempi
Ukungqubuzana kwamaqembu kuqhathaniswa nomthamo nobude, izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe, umthombo wemvelaphi, ifomu, uhlobo lokuthuthukiswa, njll. Izinhlobo zezingxabano emkhakheni kahulumeni:
- umnotho;
- inhlalo;
- ezombusazwe;
- inhlangano.
Ngendlela yokuxazululwa, bangakwazi ukuphikisana nokunciphisa. Esimweni sokuqala, ngesikhathi sokulwa, izinhlaka zazo zonke izinhlaka zibhujiswa noma omunye uba ngumnqobi, kanti okwesibili, izithakazelo zabo bonke abahlanganyeli ziyacatshangelwa. Ngokusho kokwakhiwa kwamaqembu kukhona:
- okungahambi kahle;
- ukuzibandakanya kanye neqembu;
- izingxabano ezinhlanganweni.
Izinyathelo zempi
Ekubunjweni kwayo, ukushayisana kuqhubeka ngezigaba eziningana:
- Esigabeni sokuqala sokulwa, ukuhlukunyezwa phakathi kwamaqembu kukhula. Kuze kube khona iphuzu elithile, liqhubeka ngokufihlakele, kodwa ngokubonakala kwesigameko, okungukuthi, i-push iya efomeni evulekile.
- Izinyathelo zempi zihlanganisa ukulwa kwangempela ngokwayo. Amaqembu ahamba ukuze avule ukulwa futhi angabhekana nenselele futhi aphendule kuwo. U-Apogee ukuletha umonakalo omkhulu kwisitha ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ingxabano iyini nokuthi yisigaba salo sesithathu, ungaphendula ukuthi esiteji sesinqumo kukhona ushintsho lwezimpawu zomlando. Njengoba kunikezwe amandla abo kanye nezakhono zesitha, amaqembu aqala ukucinga izindlela ezivela kule nkinga, futhi ukulwa nakho kulahlekelwa amandla.
- Esikhathini sesiteleka sokuthungatha, kukhona ukuphefumula okwesikhashana noma ukuthula okuhlala njalo ngesisekelo sokuvumelana.
Ziyini izindlela zokuziphatha empini?
Ukuphikelela ngokwabo, amaqembu angakwazi ukulandela inkambo elandelayo:
- Ukunakekela, ukugwema noma ukujwayela. Ezimweni ezimbili zokuqala, le ndaba iyenqaba ukuxoxa nganoma yini, ukuxoxisana, njll. Ekugcineni uvumelana nazo zonke ezinye izinto, esaba ukwenza impendulo.
- Amasu okuziphatha ngokuphikisana ahlanganisa ukulwa nokulwa . Ukuziphatha kwamaqembu kungaba ukuxolisa, ukwenza izithembiso, njalonjalo.
- Ukuncintisana kuyinto ukuvumelanisa ngokuvumelana, futhi ukuthi impikiswano kulesi simo, manje izocaca. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izihloko ngasinye ziyaneliseka ngesisombululo esitholakalayo.
- Ukuphoqelela noma ukuphikisana. Izithakazelo zomunye umuntu kanye nombono wayo azicatshangelwa, kukhona ukulwa okusebenzayo.
- Ukubambisana . Amaqembu ahlezi phansi etafuleni lokuxoxisana futhi ahlangane afune izindlela zokuphuma.
Imiphumela yempi
Umphumela wenkambiso kungaba yinto edabukisayo kakhulu. Izingxabano emndenini zingaholela ekuhlukaniseni, ukuxabana eqenjini lomsebenzi - ukunciphisa ivolumu yezimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo ezenziwe. Izinhlangothi ezingalungile zempikiswano zihlanganisa ukwehluleka kokwethenjwa phakathi kwamaqembu, futhi ukungqubuzana kuhlose ukujula, kwandise futhi kuholele ekuxabaneni okuvulekile, futhi uma kwenzeka lokhu emphakathini nasemhlabeni, impi ingenzeka.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukungqubuzana?
Kunezindlela eziningi kakhulu zokuzivikela ekuphikisweni okuvulekile. Kudingeka sikhulise izinga lokufunda nokubhala nokunamathela kumigomo. Phela, ukubaluleka komuntu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuzikhuliseni ngokuziphatha nokuziphatha, kunesifiso sakhe sokuxazulula isimo ngokuthula, hhayi ukuhlela abahlaziyi futhi ukungashintshi kubantu ngabanye. Ukuqaphela ukulwa kuyisinyathelo sokuthola indlela yokuphuma. Ngisho nasesiteji sokuqala, uma kukhona ukungezwani nje kuphela, kungenzeka ukuba uqhubeke nezingxoxo, futhi uhlaziye futhi isimo futhi ugweme izinkinga.
Indlela yokuxazulula impikiswano?
Le nqubo inezinyathelo ezintathu:
- Ukuxilongwa kwesibindi.
- Sesha isu lokuxazulula ukungavumelani.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesethi yezindlela.
Isixazululo sokungqubuzana siqala ngokuhlonza inkinga kanye nengxoxo yayo. Kudingekile ukulalela wonke amaqembu bese uqala ukucinga ukuhlukahluka kwesisombululo okuzofanelana kokubili, ukuhlunga ngokucophelela zonke izici zayo ezihle nezimbi. Kudingeka ukuthi kucacise yonke imininingwane yokuqaliswa kwesivumelwano, izinketho zesenzo uma kwenzeka amandla amakhulu. Esikhathini esizayo kubalulekile ukwenza ngokuvumelana nesimiso esamukelekile.
Izindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano
Bahlose ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa izimbangela ezibangele ukushayisana, nokulungisa ukuziphatha kwabahlanganyeli:
- Izindlela zokuziphatha zenzelwe ukusiza umuntu ukuvikela izithakazelo zakhe, ngaphandle kokuphula umthetho wesimo somphikisi.
- Izindlela zesakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa izinhlangano futhi zifaka ukucaciswa kwezicelo zomsebenzi, izinhlelo ezikhona zokukhokha kanye nokujeziswa, njll.
- Izindlela zokuxhumana.
- Izindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano zibandakanya izingxoxo.
- Ukuhlukunyezwa kwempendulo.
Yeka ukuthi ungalahlekelwa kanjani empini?
Esihlabelweni esihlakaniphile: "Yenza indlela-qaphela" iqukethe yonke incazelo. Ngokuvamile ukwenza isinyathelo phambili, ukwamukela umuntu nazo zonke izinzuzo nezimo, unganqoba. Imithetho yokuziphatha empikiswaneni iyafana njalo - kufanele uzame ukuqonda enye, izisusa zakhe, ukwethembeka kuwe kanye nokubekezela abanye. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyasiza ukuletha okwesithathu empikiswaneni, ngubani ozokwenza ukuhlola okungakhethi kweso simo bese uqala ukuxhumana nomuntu ngamunye. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuphatha umphikisi wakho ngenhlonipho futhi uhloniphe ubuso bakho kunoma yisiphi isimo.