Ukudakwa kwezidakamizwa kwenzeka uma umuntu ehlakulele impendulo yegciwane lengculaza komunye noma ngaphezulu kwezingxenye zomuthi. Ingazibonakalisa njenge-urticaria engenabungozi, eyanyamalala ngemva kwamahora amaningana futhi ibhekwa yindawo encane, kodwa ingase ibe ngesimo esibi kakhulu, isongela impilo yesiguli: isibonelo, i-lama-laryngeal, i-bronchospasm nezinye izibonakaliso ezimbi ngokungabikho kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okufika ngesikhathi kuholela ukufa.
Izimbangela zemithi yokungezwani komzimba
Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa kwemithi kuqhutshwa kulabo abathintekayo kwezofuzo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuphefumula ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengempendulo yokuzivikela enganele ngokwanele. Ukungakhulelwa kwempilo kuyibheka "isitha", ngisho noma kungene emzimbeni ukuqala umsebenzi - isibonelo, i-antibiotic yokubhubhisa amabhaktheriya. Ukuze ugweme ukudideka okunjalo, kunesikhumba esikhethekile emzimbeni "ofundisa" amangqamuzana omzimba ukuhlukanisa ukuthi yini okudingeka ibhujiswe (isibonelo, amagciwane namagciwane), kodwa yini ezuzisa umzimba futhi ayidingi ukubhujiswa. Uma inqubo "yokufunda" ihluleka noma kunolwazi olwanele (ngezizathu zezakhi zofuzo), izifo ezizimele ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ukusabela okwe-allergen.
Esinye isizathu sokuthi izidakamizwa ezibangelwa yizidakamizwa ziyingozi. Uma ukuhlushwa kwemithi emzimbeni kufinyelela emkhawulweni (futhi lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile njalo, futhi ngenxa yomsebenzi ompofu we "izihlungi" zomzimba - izinso nesibindi), ngokoqobo, umzimba ngokwawo uqala ukulwa nenani elikhulu lezwe langaphandle.
Isidakamizwa sezilwane ezibonakalayo sibonakala kanjani?
Izimpawu zemithi yokungezwani kwezidakamizwa ziningi, futhi zingahle zihlukaniswe ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa:
- Ngokushesha ukungezwani komzimba. I-Anaphylaxis yisenzo esisheshayo somzimba kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wangaphandle, kuvela ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engu-10-30. Ibonakala ngokunqotshwa kwezindawo eziningana zomzimba, futhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izimpawu eziningana: i-bronchospasm, i-pruritus, i-laryngeal edema, i-edema ka-Quincke, i-urticaria, njll Futhi, ukungezwani komzimba okwenzeka emaminithini okuqala ngemva kokuthatha imithi kungabonakalisa ifomu elikhanyayo ngesibonakaliso esisodwa kuphela: itching, urticaria, noma i-edema ye-Quincke.
- Ukusheshisa okusheshayo. Izifo ezitholakala emahoreni ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokuthatha umuthi zingase zihambisane ne-quema ka-Quincke ne-urticaria: lokhu kubonakaliswa okuvame kakhulu kwezidakamizwa zemithi.
- Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesikhathi eside. Kungase kuvele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuthatha imithi, ngakho-ke akulula ukuthola imbangela yokuphendula okwehliswayo ezimweni ezinjalo. Izimpawu zomzimba lapha ziwumkhuhlane wezidakamizwa kanye nokukhwabanisa kwe-korepobodnoy.
Ukuxilongwa kwezidakamizwa zokungenwa kwemithi
Ukuxilongwa, ukuhlaziywa kwe-laboratory yezidakamizwa ezibangelwa izidakamizwa kusetshenziswa, okubandakanya izindawo eziningana zocwaningo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba ukuze kube khona abalamuleli bokuvuvukala kwegazi.
- Ukunqunywa kokuvimbela ukufuduka kwama-leukocytes.
- Sesha i-immunoglobulin E (ethize).
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-degranulation yamangqamuzana amancane.
Le datha ingatholakala ngokunikela ngegazi kusuka emthanjeni. Bazokusiza ukuthola udokotela ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo zokuzivikela ezitholakala emzimbeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kungavumelani nemithi yokungezwani.
Indlela yokwelapha ukungezwani komuthi?
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezibangelwa yizidakamizwa kwenzeka ngezindlela ezintathu: usizo lokuqala, ukuhlanza umzimba nokuthatha ama-antihistamine ngokulungiswa okungenzeka kwesistimu yomzimba.
Imithi yokwelapha
Ngokuphendula okunamandla, njengesizo sokuqala, isiguli sinikezwa amalungiselelo e-corticosteroid, inani lokuphathwa kwalo okuxhomeke ekutheni izinga lendawo elithintekayo lingakanani. Njengomthetho, awasetshenzisiwe isikhathi eside, ngoba izigulane ezidakayo zithinta imithi enjalo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, isiguli senziwa antihistamines ne-calcium gluconate ngobuningi,
Emva kwalokhu, isiguli ngokuvamile sihlelelwe ukuba sithathe ama-antihistamines nsuku zonke inyanga. Lapho ibuyela emuva, ezinye izazi zithatha isinqumo sokulungisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngokusizwa kwabasebenzi abafake izifo eziphuthumayo, ezilawulwe nge-intramuscularly ngokusho kwesimiso ngasinye.
Ukudla kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa
Ngalesi sikhathi ekudleni kwesiguli akufanele kube khona izithako ezibukhali, ezisawoti, eziyinkimbinkimbi nezomuncu: ngokuqinisekile kuneziphuzo ezilula, imifino ephekiwe nenyama (yenkomo).