Ezinye izingane zilindele ngokulangazela "insimbi yokuqala", kuyilapho abanye behlela ama-scandals kubazali babo, abangafuni ukuba abaqashi bokuqala. Ukuxazulula ngokufanele izinkinga ezinjalo futhi ulungiselele ingane ngokugcwele ukuqeqeshwa kusize izincomo ze-psychotherapists abaqeqeshiwe nabahlengikazi.
Nini ukunikeza ingane esikoleni?
Ukwakhiwa kahle kwamakhono okuhlakanipha, ezomzimba kanye nezenhlalakahle ezihlinzeka izingane nge-acquisition elula futhi elula yolwazi kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka engu-6 no-7 yokuphila. Uma unquma ukuthi ungakanani iminyaka yokunikeza ingane esikoleni, kungcono ukuthi ungasheshi futhi uzame ukukhula " indigo ". Ucwaningo lwabachwepheshe luqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvakashelwa kakhulu ezikhungweni zemfundo kungathinteki impilo yengqondo yabantwana, iminyaka engcono kakhulu yomuntu oyedwa kuqala iminyaka engu-7-8.
Ukuqaphela ukulungela kwengane esikoleni
Ikhono lokuziphatha ngokwemvelo emaqenjini ahlukene, ukubhala noma ukufunda akuyona isizathu esiqinile sokuqala kwemfundo yesibili. Imigomo yokulungela ingane esikoleni ihlale ihlanganisa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- ubuhlakani;
- ingqondo;
- umzimba;
- inkulumo;
- inhlalo;
- ukugqugquzela.
Ngokuvamile abazali bayakuyekethisa ukungabi khona kwezinto eziningana noma ngaphezulu, ukushintsha imithwalo yemfanelo kubathisha ("ekilasini lokuqala bazofundisa nokutshela"). Kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa ngokucophelela ukulungelelwa kwengane okuphelele esikoleni bese ucabangela zonke izindlela ezingenhla, uhlole ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuhlola. Ungafaka isicelo sezeluleko zobuchwepheshe kanye nokusiza kwengqondo yengane.
Ukulungelelwa kwengqondo kwengane esikoleni
Ukuze uqale inqubo yokuqeqesha okujulile, umntwana kufanele athuthuke kahle ngokwengqondo. Lokhu kusho ukuvuthwa okusebenzayo okwanele kwezakhiwo ezithile zobuchopho. Izimpawu zokulungele ingane esikoleni zifaka phakathi amakhono anjalo:
- ukusungula uxhumano olunengqondo;
- ukuqoqa iqembu ngezinhloso ezifanayo kanye nokuthola umehluko phakathi kwabo (ukukhiqiza nokuhlaziywa);
- ukuhlushwa nokugcinwa kokunakekelwa imizuzu engu-20;
- ukukhumbula inkumbulo;
- isikhala-ukuqondiswa ngokomzimba;
- i-akhawunti yezibalo;
- ukumelwa kwamanani we-geometri;
- ulwazi lwembala, izincwadi.
I-future-grader kumele ibe nolwazi oluncane ngaye:
- lapho ehlala khona;
- igama;
- isibongo;
- amalungu omndeni;
- umsebenzi wezihlobo;
- izinombolo zocingo zabazali (mhlawumbe).
Ukulungele kwengqondo kwengane ngokufunda
Kusukela ngo-Septemba 1, izingane ziwela endaweni entsha futhi entsha futhi zihlangene kubo, ngakho-ke kumele zikwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga zesisebenzi bese zixazulula izinkinga zazo ngokuzimela. Ukulungelelwa kwengane yomuntu esikoleni kunqunywa yizinqubo ezilandelayo:
- ikhono lokugcina ngaphakathi kokuziphatha kwabo;
- ukuzinza ngokomzwelo;
- ukungabi khona kwezenzo ezinonya noma ezishukumisayo nokuphendula;
- inhlangano;
- ukuqina.
Ukulungela kwengane esikoleni kwengqondo kubandakanya ikhono lokumangalela iziyalezo futhi ulandele, ngisho noma ingane ingathanda ukwenza izinto ezithakazelisayo noma iya kwenye indawo. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina isiyalo, ukujwayela umthwalo wemfanelo nokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kokubambisana komphumela.
Ukuzilungiselela ngokomzimba wengane esikoleni
Ngokuvamile ukusebenza okungalungile kubangelwa izinkinga zempilo, hhayi ukuntula kolwazi nobuvila. Kunezimo eziningi lapho abantwana behluleka ukufunda ukufundela ngenxa ye- dyslexia , kodwa othisha nabazali bangayinaki lesi sifo. Ukuzimisela ukulungelelwa kwengane esikoleni kwenziwa ngokulandela isethi yezici ezijwayelekile:
- ukubona nokuzwa kujwayelekile;
- ukusebenzisana okuthuthukisiwe kanye namakhono amancane emoto;
- ukuqondisa okulungile kwendawo;
- Umbono oqondile wezinto ezizungezile nezinhloso;
- isithakazelo emisebenzini yomzimba, imisebenzi yezemidlalo.
Ukulungele ukukhuluma kwengane esikoleni
Isigaba sokuqala kuhilela ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kwengane ngothisha, abaqeqeshi nabangane. Ukuze inqubo yokufunda idlule kalula futhi ikhululeke, kubalulekile ukuhlola kusengaphambili izingxenye zokukhuluma zokulungele ingane esikoleni:
- ukutholakala kolwazi oluningi;
- ukwakhiwa okulungile kweziphakamiso;
- ulwazi lwezisisekelo zolimi;
- isethulo esihambisanayo semicabango namaqiniso;
- ikhono lokukhuluma i-monologue, ubuyekeze.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo kufanele kulungiswe ngosizo lomhlinzeki wezinkulumo nezifundo zasekhaya. Ukulungele ingane esikoleni kunika ukubiza amagama okuvamile kwazo zonke izinhlamvu, izinhlanganisela zabo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uma kungenjalo, ingane ingaba namahloni ukukhuluma ngokuzwakalayo nokufunda, ukuxhumana. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuholela ekuhlekwa usulu nokuhlukunyezwa, ukuwohloka kokuzihlonipha nokuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo okukhulu.
Ukulungelelwa komphakathi kwengane esikoleni
Ukujwayela okuhlelekile kwezingane ukuhlala emphakathini kuqala ngokusemncane, kanye noxhumana nezihlobo nasegrekeni. Ngenxa yokuzijabulisa komphakathi, izinga lokulungela ingane esikoleni lilokhu landa futhi ngonyaka we-7 usufinyelele amanani anelisayo:
- Ukukhulumisana ngokuhloniphekile nabafundisi nabadala asebekhulile;
- izingxoxo noontanga;
- ikhono lokuba nobuhlobo nobungane nobungane;
- sebenze eqenjini;
- ukukhetha isikhundla somholi noma isigqila;
- ukugcina ingxoxo;
- Ukufakwa enkampanini;
- ukugcina kuqala;
- ukuhlakanipha nokuhlonipha;
- ububele.
Ukulungelelwa kwengqondo kwengane esikoleni
Isihluthulelo somsebenzi wokufunda ophumelelayo yisifiso sokuthola ulwazi olusha, ulwazi nokuwasebenzisa. Ukulungelelwa kwezingane ukufunda esikoleni kuhlolwe kuye ngokuthi kuchaziwe. Ukuze ube umqashi wokuqala ojabulayo, le kid kumele:
- zama ukuthola ulwazi;
- ukuba nesithakazelo ezweni elizungezile;
- phupha ngomsebenzi;
- cabanga ngekusasa lakho.
Isivivinyo sokulungiselela ingane esikoleni
Ngosuku oluthile lweSuku Lwazi, izingane zimenywa enkulumweni yokuqala. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uthisha azi kangcono izingane, athole amandla abo futhi anikeze abazali iseluleko esibalulekile, asize ukuthuthukisa ukulungela kwengane yokufunda. Izivivinyo zinikeza ukuhlolwa kwezinkomba eziningana:
- ukuzinza ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo;
- ukulungiswa komphakathi;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo;
- amakhono abo kanye nesisusa.
Isheke esiyisisekelo sokulungiselela ingane esikoleni singenziwa ekhaya, uma abazali benesithakazelo sokwazi imiphumela ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa okulula okunengqondo:
- Dweba umuntu. Isithombe kufanele sibe sinobukhulu futhi sichazwe ngokulingana, okulinganiselwe.
- Kopisha umbhalo. Ngisho noma ingane ingakwazi ukubhala kahle, ngaphansi kokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile uyakwazi "ukukopisha" izinhlamvu.
- Bonisa iqoqo lamaphuzu. Ngokufanayo, ukubhaliswa, ingane kufanele icishe ifane nokuphinda isithombe, ukuze inani lezici lifane ncamashi.
Ukuhlaziywa komphakathi:
- Qaphela ngokucophelela ukuthi ingane engasenkulisa iziphatha kanjani ukuhamba-kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhuluma nezinye izingane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithola abangane.
- Funda isimo sengqondo somntwana kubantu abadala nabavuthiwe. Ingabe ingaphansi kokuhlala endaweni ehlala kuyo, ingabe ulandela lo myalelo?
- Nika ingane umdlalo weqembu. Ukuzijabulisa okunjalo kuzobonisa ukuthi uyazi kanjani ukubambisana, yimuphi isikhundla asithathayo.
Isheke lokuhlola:
- Bala kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-10.
- Susa, phinda.
- Vuka ngendaba emfushane esithombeni noma uchaze ukuthi kwenzekani kuso.
- Ukubiza izibalo ze-geometri.
- Funda isigaba.
- Beka isikwele, unxantathu wezinti (ukufana).
- Hlunga izinto ngezici ezithile (umbala, injongo, usayizi).
- Khetha isichazamazwi esifanelekayo segama.
- Yisho igama lakho, ikheli.
- Tshela ngabazali nomndeni.
Mayelana nesisusa nezici zomuntu siqu kulula ukufunda, uma nje ukhuluma nengane. Kubalulekile ukubuza:
- ngabe ufuna (futhi kungani) ukutadisha;
- ngubani ophupha ukuba esikhathini esizayo;
- lokho afuna ukukwenza ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula;
- yiziphi izinto ezaziyoba yizinto zakhe.
Izinkinga zokulungela izingane ezikoleni
Lezi zinkinga ziphakama uma umntwana engavumi ukuthola ulwazi futhi akafuni ukuba ngumuntu wokuqala. Ngisho nokulungela kwengqondo, ezenhlalakahle nezengqondo zokufunda ezikoleni kulahlekelwa ukubaluleka lapho ingane ingenaso isisusa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bathole ukuthi yini ebangela ukusabela okubi.
Kungani ingane ingafuni ukuya esikoleni?
Inkinga ecatshangelwayo ikakhulukazi ekwesabeni nasekujabuliseni ingane ngaphambi kokungena esikhungweni semfundo. Ngokuvamile ingane ayifuni ukuya esikoleni ngenxa yezitatimende ezimbi ezingezansi zezihlobo. Amanye amabizo athiwa ngengozi ahlehliswa enkumbulweni futhi abonakaliswa kabi emcimbini wokufunda:
- "Akekho ozokunakekela esikoleni";
- "Ngelo lwazi ngeke lithathwe ekilasini lokuqala";
- "Wonke umuntu uzokuhleka" kanye namazwi afanayo.
Ingane ingakakulungeli esikoleni - yini okufanele uyenze?
Uma izivivinyo zokuqala zibonise ukungabi khona kwezinga elidingekayo kolwazi, ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo kokungena ebangeni lokuqala, kufanele uqale ngokushesha ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Noma yiziphi izinkinga ezikhona zixazululwa ngosizo lwezifundo ngabanye nomntwana, ukulingisa ukufundela. Abaphathi bezengqondo nezengqondo zezingane bayeluleka:
- Yenza ingane ibe ngumbuso osukwini lwangempela .
- Ngokuvamile umdumise, ungajezisi ukwehluleka futhi ungaqhathanisi (kabi) nabanye.
- Nsuku zonke funda ulwazi olusha ndawonye, mhlawumbe ngesimo segeyimu.
- Ukusekela ingane ngemizamo ehlukene, ukumsiza ekukhetheni i-hobby.
- Ukunikeza isikhathi sokusebenza ngokomzimba.
- Nikeza inkululeko yokusebenza (ngaphakathi kwemingcele efanele) ekuthuthukiseni ukuzimela, umthwalo ngamunye.
- Tshela izindaba ezinhle futhi ezinhle kusukela ebuntwaneni bakho.
- Chaza ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo ingane ozothola uma eba umqashi wokuqala.
- Thenga izinto zakho zokubhala nokudweba. Hlela indawo encane yomsebenzi (idesksi noma ideski, isihlalo).
- Uma kunesidingo, bhekani ochwepheshe abathintekayo (isazi sezengqondo, uchwepheshe wezinkulumo nabanye).