Petra, Jordan

Akumangalisi neze ukuthi idolobha lasendulo lasePetra, okuyinto ekhanga kakhulu , okuyinto iJordani efanele ngokuziqhenya ngayo, yangena ohlwini lwezimangaliso ezintsha eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba. Isici esiyingqayizivele sikaPetra wukuthi idolobha liqoshwe ngokuphelele emadwaleni, lokhu kubona kuyamangaza futhi kuthatha umoya. Ngendlela, igama le ndawo eliyingqayizivele eplanethi lihunyushwe ngokuthi "itshe".

Umlando wePetra

Idolobha elidala kunazo zonke lasePetra eJordane lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 000, futhi imithombo ethile ibonisa ngisho neminyaka engu-4000. Umlando kaPetra eJordani waqala nabakwa-Edomi, abakhe inqaba encane ngesisekelo salezi zindawo. Khona-ke idolobha laba yinhloko-dolobha yombuso waseNabataean futhi yahlala kwaze kwaba ngonyaka ka-106 AD. Ngemuva kokuqothulwa kwamatshe angavamile okwakungena kumaRoma, amaByzantine, ama-Arabhu kanye nekhulu le-XII yaba yizisulu zamaKhredithi. Kusukela ku-XVI kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX uPeter wahlala engenalutho, akekho owaziyo lapho umuzi wamatshe wawukhona khona, wagcwala izimfihlakalo kanye nezinganekwane. Ngomnyaka we-1812 yinkimbinkimbi yePeter eJordane yatholwa ngumhambi ovela eSwitzerland, uJohann Ludwig Burckhardt. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iminyaka engama-200, izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba azikaze zishiye lelifa elihle kakhulu lasendulo.

I-Petra yanamuhla

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kulo lonke umlando walo idolobha lasePetra eJordani lakhiwa ngamakhosi "ahlukene", kodwa kuze kube yilolu suku kuphela izakhiwo zasendulo kakhulu ezavela ngaphambi kwekhulu le-VI AD zigcinwe. Ngakho iPetra yesimanje imelela ukubukeka kwangempela kwePetra yasendulo. Ungangena edolobheni ngendlela eyedwa kuphela neyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - iSiketer gorge Sik, eyayisengumbhede wezintaba. Kuwo wonke umzila wokungena komuzi, kunama-altare, izithombe zasendulo nezihlabathi ezinemibala engavamile. Ukuphuma emgodini kuholela ngqo emgodini omkhulukazi we-El Hazne - isigodlo sethempeli, esibizwa ngokuthi uMgcinimafa, ngoba ngokwemigomo kunamagugu angakatholakali nanoma ubani okwamanje. Kuyamangalisa, kodwa isakhiwo sethempelini likaPetra eJordani, esiqoshiwe eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule, namuhla asihlali singathinti isikhathi.

Ukubuka kwePetra

Izintaba ezinesihlabathi zasePetra eJordane ziqukethe izinto ezingaba ngu-800, kuyilapho ososayensi bethi uPetra ufundele kuphela ngo-15%, futhi eziningi zezimfumbo zakhe ngeke zixazululwe. Amanxiwa aseNabataean asePetra eJordani ahamba amakhilomitha amaningana, awakwazi ukuxoshwa ngosuku olulodwa. Ngisho namathikithi lapha athengiswa ngokushesha ngezinsuku ezintathu, ukuze izivakashi zingene isikhathi sokucabangela konke.

1. Ithempeli lase-El Hazne , okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, alizange lidalulwe kubacwaningi imfihlo yenkambiso yayo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lena yithempeli lika-Isis, abanye bathi ithuneni linye lamabusi embusweni waseNabataean. Kodwa umbuzo obaluleke kunazo zonke wabaningi-mlando ngukuthi ungakha kanjani isakhiwo esinjalo ngokujwayelekile, uma kusengenakwenzeka namhlanje.
2. I-amphitheater yasePetra, eqoshwe edwaleni, ingahlala abantu abangu-6000. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwa ama-Nabataeans, kodwa ama-Roma awanikezwa kanjalo, owaqeda ukwakhiwa kwesayizi enhle kangaka.
3. U-Ed-Deir - elinye ukwakhiwa okumangalisayo kwethempeli likaPetru eJordani. Lena yindlu yezindela, enamamitha angama-45 ngaphezulu kwe-cliff namamitha angu-50 ububanzi. Mhlawumbe, u-Ed Deir wayengesonto lobuKristu, okushiwo ngeziphambano eziqoshwe ezindongeni.
4. Ithempeli lamabhubesi enamaphiko liyinkimbinkimbi, umnyango oqashwe yizithombe zezingonyama ezinamaphiko. Njengoba ebhujiswe kakhulu, usalokhu eheha amakholomu akhe futhi ukuthi ekuthunjweni kwakhe kwembula izinto eziningi ezinengqondo.
5. Ithempeli likaDushary noma iNdlu yeNdodakazi kaFaro yindlu eyakhiwe egcinwe, ngokungafani nabaningi ababhujiswa. Namuhla kubuyiselwa futhi kuhlaba umxhwele ngezindonga zayo ezingamamitha angu-22, ezakhiwe epulatifomu eliqoshiwe.