Impilo yengqondo yengane ayiyona ebaluleke kakhulu kunokwenyama. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwanele, noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwezinzwa eziphakathi kwezingane eziqhubekayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkinga ze-psychogenic ziyanyamalala noma yikuphi, zihlala ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni.
I-Neurosis - iyini?
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokungayinaki lesi siqephu sezifo kungukuntula ukuqonda okubalulekile nokubaluleka kwabo. Kubalulekile ukuba abazali bafunde nge-neurosis ngokucophelela - yini emithi, yiziphi izizathu ezenzekayo nendlela yokubhekana nayo. Ochwepheshe bachaza lesi sifo njengesiyaluyalu esibangelwa ukusabela komuntu esimweni esibucayi esiphuthumayo, esicacile noma eside eside. Lesi sifo asinakwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba sibe neminyaka engu-3, sitholakala ikakhulukazi ezinganeni zasenkulisa izingane nentsha. Izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo labancane liyisimanga kakhulu ekuphenduleni komuntu siqu.
Izinhlobo ze-Neurosis - izinhlobo nezimbangela
Leli qembu le-pathologies lishukunyiswa yizinto ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi isimo sezinkinga zengqondo. Izinhlobo ze-neurosis ezinganeni:
- ukuphoqa;
- i-hysteria;
- iziqephu zokucindezeleka;
- neurasthenia;
- i-hypochondria;
- i-logoneurosis;
- somnambulism;
- i-anorexia.
I-neurosis yezimo ezikhungathekile ezinganeni
Elinye igama lalolu hlobo lwesifo yisifo esiphuthumayo-i-OCD). Kuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza okungapheli ezinganeni, imibono yokukhathazeka nemicabango. Isifo esinikezwe sibhekwa njenge-multifactorial. Izici eziningana zingamcasula i-ROC:
- izakhi zofuzo;
- ukutheleleka (isishukela, i-mononucleosis, i-hepatitis);
- ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kwengqondo;
- ukwesaba okungenangqondo.
Ukugqugquzela ekuthuthukiseni i-syndrome ye-obsessions ngokuvamile kuvame ukuphosa. Ekuqaleni ingane ayikwazi ukukhipha imicabango esebisayo noma amafantasi (ukukhunjulwa) isikhathi eside. Kancane kancane, ubuchopho bakhe buvumelana nabo, ukuthuthukisa indlela engavamile yokuzivikela - izenzo ezithintekayo (ukucindezelwa). Ingane kufanele yenze imikhosi ethile ephoqelekile ukuze ukwesaba kwakhe kungapheli, ngokwesibonelo, gxuma izikhathi ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokungena ku-elevator noma ekamelweni elimnyama, geza izandla kathathu emva kokuxhumana nomfokazi nabanye.
Ezimweni eziningi kunzima ezinyathelweni zakuqala ukusola lokhu kukhishwa kwengane ezinganeni - izimpawu zingase zihlale zifihliwe isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinkinga ezikhungathekile ingane eziziphethe yona. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo:
- ukwesaba okungenangqondo kanye nokwesaba;
- i-phobias;
- ukulahla ngokwezigaba ukuvakashela izindawo ezithile, imicimbi, izenzo ezilula;
- ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe (ukuchofoza, ukukhahlela, izindebe zokukhohlisa);
- ukuphoqa (funda, funda okuthile, hlela ukudla ngombala);
- ukufaka izipikili;
- ukudonsa, ukuhlafuna izinwele;
- ukukhipha, umonakalo wesikhumba;
- uphawu kanye nabanye.
I-hysterical neurosis ezinganeni
Isizathu esiyinhloko sesimo esicatshangelwe lesi sifo amaphutha emfundo. Izinkinga ze-hysterical zivame ukutholakala ezinganeni zasenkulisa, ngezinye izikhathi ziyabonakala ezinganeni. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo kuqala ngokumelene nesimo sangaphakathi sokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi, lapho izinga lokulindela noma izidingo zabanye liphakeme kunamakhono okwenyama wengane. Izingane ezisondelene kakhulu nezinsana zokubeletha, ezithandwa kakhulu emndenini (imfundo egocentric), zichitheka.
Lapho useneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, i-hysteria ibukeka sengathi i-neurosis yokuphefumula ezinganeni - ukuhlukunyezwa-ukuphefumula kokuphefumula. Bahlakulela kanyekanye ngokukhala, okubangelwa intukuthelo, ukunganaki ingane ngenxa yokunganeliseki kwezifiso zakhe, ukwenqaba ngokuqondile. Njengoba kufana nokulibaziseka ekuphefumuleni, ingane ikhulisa ngamabomu umphumela we-hysteria - iwa phansi, ibhala ngokungcolile, igubungele amehlo. Ngoba izenzo ezinjalo zibhekwa ngokuzivumelanisa nokuhambisana. Ukuhlaselwa kungadlulela emahoreni ambalwa, uma kukhona "ababukeli". Intsha iyalingisa ukugwinya kwesifo sokuqina nokucindezeleka.
I-neurosis ecindezelekile
Indlela echazwe ngayo lesi sifo yinkimbinkimbi kunayo yonke ekuhloleni. Ukuhlukumezeka okunjalo ezinganeni kunzima ukubona ngenxa yezimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezivame ukuhambisana nesithombe esivamile sokucindezeleka "omdala". Izimbangela zokukhubazeka kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo:
- ukuhlukaniswa kwabathandekayo;
- ukufa komunye wamalungu omndeni;
- isihlukaniso sabazali;
- amahlazo phakathi kwezihlobo;
- ukulahlwa okusobala ekuthuthukiseni kontanga;
- amaphutha ekubukeni;
- ukukhubazeka;
- izintandane;
- izidingo ezidlulele zabazali;
- imizwa engafaneleki;
- izinkinga zokuhlonza ubulili;
- ukuziphatha ngokocansi nokunye okunjalo.
Izinkinga ezicindezelayo ezinganeni nasebancane azikho izimpawu ezithile. Isithombe sesitholampilo sincike eminyakeni yobudala, umlingiswa, imvelo, ubuhlobo bomndeni kanye nezinye izici. Izimpawu ezingenzeka:
- ukuphuza;
- ukunganakwa;
- isimo sengqondo siyashintsha;
- isifiso sokuba yedwa;
- ukucasula;
- ukulala;
- inkulumo ethule;
- ukudabuka ;
- isibonakaliso sobuso obukhulu;
- intukuthelo;
- ubuqili;
- ukuqonda;
- ukucabangela;
- ukukhathazeka ;
- ukukhathazeka kwezimoto nokushintsha okufanayo kokuziphatha.
Neurasthenia ezinganeni
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zangaphambili zezifo, leli fomu lingaba khona emntwaneni omncane, oneminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala. Kunezici eziningi ezivusa le-neurosis - izizathu:
- ukufeza;
- ukungazinzi komama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
- ukwesaba;
- isijeziso esinonya;
- isahlukaniso;
- ukuhamba;
- ukuqala kokuvakashela enkulisa noma esikoleni;
- ukufa emndenini;
- isimo sengqondo sokubandlulula othisha nabazali;
- isimo esinzima ekhaya kanye nezinye izinkinga zengqondo-ngokomzwelo.
I-Neurasthenia ibonakala ngesithombe esithile esitholakala emtholampilo:
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukucasula;
- ukushintsha kwemizwa njalo;
- ukudabuka;
- ukuthukuthela okuvunguvungu kwentukuthelo, ukuphenduka ukuzisola;
- ukulondeka;
- ikhanda;
- ukukhathala okukhulu;
- ukuwohloka komthamo wokusebenza;
- ukukhathazeka komsebenzi wengqondo.
Hypochondria ezinganeni
Uhlobo lwanamuhla lwesifo luyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni ezithandwa kakhulu, ziholela kudokotela ezinkingeni ezincane. Kunezinye izimbangela zezinzwa ezinganeni ezinezimpawu ze-hypochondria:
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo;
- ukugula okungathí sina komunye wamalungu omndeni;
- ukufa kwesihlobo esivela kwezinye izifo;
- i-phobias;
- izifo ezimbi ezibhekene nengane ngaphambili;
- ukuvinjelwa ekuboniseni ubuthakathaka ("Amadoda akhala");
- imfundo ngokusongelwa.
Izinkinga ezinjalo ezinganeni zinezibonakaliso ezinamandla ezikhumbuza ezinye izifo zengqondo:
- ukujabula njalo;
- ukuzondwa nokuhlanza;
- ukwesaba okungenangqondo;
- izimo zangaphambili;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ngezinye izikhathi ukuthuthumela kwezandla;
- inhlamba;
- ukulahla ukuwanga, ukumbumbana, ukuxhawula nokuthinta;
- ukuhlukaniswa okuzimele emphakathini;
- ukuvala;
- izenzo ezithintekayo ezihambisana nokuhlanzeka (ukugeza izandla, usebenzisa i-handkerchief) nabanye.
I-Logoneurosis ezinganeni
I-pathology ecatshangelwayo isaziwa ngokuthi i-stuttering, inezizathu ezimbili kuphela eziyinhloko. I-Logoneurosis yimbangela yenkinga yokufa kwefa ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zokukhuluma noma ngenxa yokwesaba okukhulu. Ukuthungatha ukuhlukumeza okunamandla kwe-smoothness kanye nesigqi sengxoxo ngenxa yokudumala kwemisipha yokukhuluma. Ngezinye izikhathi kuhambisane nezimpawu eziqhamukayo - ama-face tics, ama-priptoptivaniem, iminweba yezinyosi kanye nezenzo ezifanayo.
Somnambulism ezinganeni
Izingane eziningi zihlushwa ukulala , ngokuvamile izifo zofuzo ziyiphuca. Izinkinga ze-Somnambulistic ezinganeni zingase zenzeke ngezinye izizathu:
- ukulayisha ngokomzwelo ngokweqile;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo;
- ukulimala kwe-craniocerebral;
- isithuthwane ;
- ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho okungavamile;
- ukukhathazeka;
- izingxabano emndenini;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukudakwa nokunye okunjalo.
Ukubona ukulala kungelula ngezici zayo ezijwayelekile - ukuhamba, ukukhuluma, imisebenzi esebenzayo ephusheni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa ezinganeni kuyingozi, i-somnambulism ivame ukuholela ekulimazeni, ngezinye izikhathi ngephutha elibi (ewela ngaphandle kwefasitela, ukushaya ethempelini). Ngesifo esiphuthumayo, ingane ingaziphatha kabi ngenkathi ilungele, yingozi kubantu abakuzungezile.
Anorexia nervosa ezinganeni
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwenqaba okuphelele kokudla yisifiso sokunciphisa isisindo, ngakho-ke isifo esichazayo cishe sithinta amantombazane asetsheni. Kwezinye izimo, i-anorexia ihambisana nezinye izifo zengqondo - ukucindezeleka, i-hypochondria, i-hysteria. Izimpawu zezinkinga ezinganeni ezibandakanya ukukhathazeka ngokwemvelo nokuziphatha:
- isikhumba esomile;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esimakwe;
- ukwesaba ukukhuluphala;
- umbono ophikisayo wenqwaba yomzimba wakhe;
- imizwa yokungaphansi;
- ukulahlekelwa kwezinwele;
- ukuqotshwa;
- ukuphelelwa amanzi;
- ukukhathala;
- i-jaundice;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- ukuphika indlala;
- i-amenorrhea emantombazaneni;
- ukubekezelelana okubandayo okubandayo;
- ukunganakwa;
- izipikili ezinamahloni kanye nabanye.
Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ezinganeni
Kubalulekile ukulwa ne-pathologies ehlolwe ngosizo lwadokotela abaqeqeshiwe. Indlela eyinhloko yokwelapha ingqondo ye-psychotherapy ne-neuroses. Yenziwa ngabanye, embuthanweni womndeni namaqembu nezinye iziguli. Udokotela ukhetha izindlela zokwelashwa ngabanye kumntwana ngamunye. Ukulungiswa ngezinkinga ezinganeni kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengomthetho, amakhambi okutshala, ama-vitamin complexes, nemithi isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. Ukukhethwa kwezidakamizwa kuphela udokotela, awukwazi ukunikeza ingane izidakamizwa zakho.
I-prophylaxis yezinkinga ezinganeni
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela azidingi ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi. Ukuvimbela ama-neuroses ezinganeni ezincane nokuyeka ukuqhubekela phambili okuqhubekayo kusiza ukuvuselela umbuso wosuku, ukudala isimo sezulu esinokuthula emndenini, ukubeletha okufanele nokubeletha kwangempela. Uma ingane isengcupheni yengqondo, kubalulekile ukukhetha isazi sengqondo esihle kanye nokuzilibazisa okuthakazelisayo. Ukuphumelela kuyoba ngumdlalo kanye nokwelashwa kwezobuciko bezinzwa, ukuvakashela amaqembu ezingane ezikhethekile, imihlangano nezilwane.