Izikhathi lapho isahlukaniso sasihlukunyezwa khona futhi sahlukunyezwa yonke indawo, sahlala esikhathini esidlule. Kusukela eminyakeni engama-70 ekhulwini lokugcina, inani lehlukaniso eRussia okungenani yizinkulungwane ezingu-500 ngonyaka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkulungwane zemindeni zidilizwa njalo ngonyaka.
Izibalo zesehlukaniso eRussia zibukeka kanjani?
Izibalo ezigcinwe kubhalisiwe bezwe zidumaza. Njalo ngonyaka ukuthandwa komshado obhalisiwe kuyawa. Umehluko phakathi kwenani lemishado nokuhlukanisa eRussia liyancipha unyaka nonyaka. Emphakathini wanamuhla, ukushada komphakathi kuyimfashini. Kodwa abantu abaningi abacabangi iqiniso lokuthi umshado womphakathi awunikeli abashadile cishe noma yimaphi amalungelo nemisebenzi ngokuphathelene nomunye nomunye.
Izibalo zokuhlukanisa eRussia ngo-2013 - ngu-667.971 emishadweni engu-12 25251. Ngakho, iphesenti yokuhlukanisa eRussia ngo-2013 yayingu-54.5%.
Abadwebi bama-demografia bachaza izibalo ezidabukisayo ngokuthi esikhathini samanje ubudala bomshado nabafana namantombazane abazalwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-90. Futhi lezi zinkulungwane ezingu-90 zahlukaniswa izinga lokuzalwa eliphansi kakhulu futhi imindeni eminingi ibhekwa njengepumelelo kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusona isizathu esiwukuthi imibhangqwana eminingi eshadile eRussia ihlukanisile.
Izimbangela zesehlukaniso eRussia
Amantombazane amaningi nabantu abasha bakhumbula usuku lwabo lomshado lokuphila. Lolu suku lunikeza injabulo enkulu kumkhwenyana nomakoti, izihlobo zabo nabangane. Yiqiniso, usuku lomshado luwukuzalwa komndeni omusha. Ngeshwa, njengoba izibalo zibonisa, izinyunyana eziningi aziqine futhi ngokushesha ziphule. Ubude bengu-15% weminyano yabomndeni ngo-2013 yayingangonyaka.
Ngokusho kwezinhlolovo eziningi zezenhlalo, ochwepheshe baye babona izimbangela eziyinhloko zesehlukaniso eRussian Federation:
- Ukuphuza utshwala nokudakwa kwezidakamizwa. Lesi sizathu sivame kakhulu, futhi sibangela ukuhlukaniswa kwemishado engu-41%.
- Ukungabi nendlu yokuhlala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imibhangqwana engaba ngu-26% ihlukanisile.
- Ukungenelela kwezihlobo ekuphileni komndeni. Lesi sizathu sibangele ukuhlukaniswa kuka-14%.
- Ukuhluleka ukuba nengane - 8% yehlukaniso.
- Ukuphila okude isikhathi eside - ukuhlukaniswa kuka-6%.
- Ukuboshwa kungu-2%.
- Ukugula isikhathi eside somlingani - 1%.
Futhi, izazi zezenhlalo ziye zaveza izizathu ezimbalwa ezivimbela abashade ukuba bahlukanise. Okuvamile - kunzima "ukwehlukanisa" izingane (35%), ubunzima ngokuhlukaniswa kwempahla (30%), ukuxhomekeka komuntu oyedwa komunye (22%), ukungavumelani komyeni noma umfazi ngokuhlukanisa (18%).
Yona kanye inqubo yesehlukaniso eRussia ilula kakhulu. Umbhangqwana noma omunye wabo ubhala isicelo sesahlukaniso. Ukuqeda umshado kungaba ehhovisi lokubhalisa noma enkantolo. Ehhovisi leRegistry ungathola isehlukaniso kuphela uma oshade naye efisa ukuba ndawonye, ngisho nalapho bengenabantwana abasebancane. Kanye nesicelo, abashadile banikezwa ngamaphasipoti abo, isitifikedi somshado nesitifiketi sokukhokhwa komsebenzi wombuso wokuhlukanisa ehhovisi lokubhalisa. Ukukhokhwa komsebenzi wombuso wehlukaniso kungenziwa ngehhovisi lokubhalisa imali noma ebhange. Ngemva kwenyanga - isikhathi esifanele sokucatshangelwa, abashadile bathola isitifiketi sesehlukaniso kanye nombhalo epasipoti ukuthi umshado uqedwa. Lapho kukhona izingane ezincane, isehlukaniso senziwa kuphela enkambisweni yokwahlulela.
Ukuhlukaniswa nomuntu ongezinye izizwe eRussia kuqhutshwa kuphela enkantolo kuphela. Inqubo yokwahlukanisa nomuntu wesinye isizwe iningi futhi idinga amadokhumenti engeziwe ukuze kusetshenziswe. Ukwenza le nqubo ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka, ummangalelwa kufanele afune usizo lommeli.