- Ikheli: Central District, Riga, LV-1050, eLatvia;
- Ukutholwa: 1234;
- Ifoni: +371 67 224 028.
Ngokumelene nesizinda sase- Old Riga, i- Lutheran Church of St. UJohn uhlukaniswa isitayela esingavamile esicacile. Esikwakhiweni sayo, izakhi ezivelele ze-Gothic ngasekugcineni, amafomu ama-baroque ama-ornate ahlangene, ama-Renaissance Northern naseNational Mannerism azizwa. Kodwa isizathu sokuxuba okunjalo okumangalisayo kwezitayela kanye nezinkomba kwakungekhona ukuqaliswa komsebenzi oyingqayizivele wokwakha, kodwa umlando onzima wethempeli, ogcwele ukulahleka, ukubhujiswa kanye nemizamo eminingi yokubuyisela leli shrine lasendulo.
Amathuna ama-monks e-Livonian
Ngo-1234 uMbhishobhi waseRiga wakha indawo yokuhlala entsha ngaseDome Cathedral . Wanquma ukunikela phezu kwamapulazi aseDominican. Ngaleso sikhathi ngaleso sikhathi, i-Catholic Order yathola indawo yokwakha ithempeli layo. Isonto elisha, elibizwa ngoJohane uMbhapathizi, lalilula kakhulu - isonto elincane, isakhiwo esisodwa se-nave esinekamelo elincanyana, ngaphakathi kwakunezintambo eziyisithupha kanye nama-altars angama-side.
Abantu bakuleli dolobha abazange bathande abaholi bezithukuthezi ezibuthakathaka ezindabeni zabo ezimnyama ezimnyama, njenge-Livonian Order yonke, ababeyilalela. Ngakho-ke, edolobheni kaningi kwakukhona izikhwama. Ngo-1297, izakhamuzi zaseRiga zashintsha isonto laseSt. John, zaqeda uphahla futhi zafaka indawo yesikhumba esasihlaselwa yi-Order Castle, iseduze. Kodwa abaseDominican abazange bashiye ithempeli labo, bakhiwe kabusha, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana bathuthuka, bethengisa indawo engumakhelwane. Khona-ke isonto lithola izici zalo zeGothic ngendlela yokuvulela amafasitela amancane ngokumelene nengemuva kwezindonga ezinkulu zezitini.
Kodwa-ke, ukuphikiswa kwamadolobhana kanye namakholi awayeki. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka le-15, ithempeli kanye nenqaba yahlaselwa kwesinye isisulu salabo ababengenelisekile ngokuxoshwa ngokweqile kwabahlali baseRiga. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi ukunqoba kwabakhileyo eRiga. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva abantu base dolobha bawaxosha eRiga. Kwaze kwahamba ngaphandle kwegazi. Abefundisi baya emkhosini we-Easter ezungeze izindonga zedolobha, futhi izakhamizi zaseRiga azizange zibavumele lapho zibuya.
Ukubuya kwesimo sesonto
Ngo-1582, inkosi yasePoland yanquma ukuqinisa isikhundla seSonto LamaKatolika. Ukuze enze lokhu, washintsha isonto likaSt. John, walidlulisela emphakathini wamaLuthela, esontweni likaJekaba, lapho ahlanganisa khona namasonto amaKatolika.
Ekugcineni, imithandazo yaphinde yazwa ezindongeni zesonto eliphelile. Abasontweni baqhubeka beqhubeka, futhi umbuzo wokwandiswa kwethempeli waba. Phakathi nokwakhiwa kwesigaba esisha se-altare nesandiso se-lateral, izakhi ezifashini zeMannerism zazisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi.
Izikhathi eziningana kakade iSonto LamaLuthela LaseSt. John labhujiswa, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yokufutheka nokudelelwa kwabantu, kodwa ngokungahambi kahle. Ngo-1677, ithempeli lalinomlilo omkhulu osemadolobheni, kwathi ngo-1941 kwakufika isonto lempi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, lokwakha kabusha kwakwenziwa, wanezela izakhi ezehlukene zokwakha ezikhethekile kulokhu noma ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, isonto likaSt. John eRiga lithole ngendlela ehlukile futhi eyingqayizivele ngendlela yayo.
Yini ongayibona?
Ngaphandle kokwakhiwa okumangalisa kwangaphandle nokuhlobisa okuhle ngaphakathi kwethempeli, izivakashi ziyoba nesithakazelo ukubona izakhi ezingavamile zesakhiwo. Zihlotshaniswa nezindaba ezithakazelisayo nezinkwanekwane, ezithi, ngendlela, ihlanganisa inombolo "2". Lezi yizi:
- izithombe ezimbili (uSolomei noJohane uMbhapathizi);
- amakhanda amabili amatshe ekhoneni lesonto;
- umcibisholo wesikhumbuzo ozinikezelwe amakholi amabili.
Isifanekiso sikaJohane uMbhapathizi saba yisibonakaliso sokuthembela, ukuvuleka nokulula kwamaLuthela ajwayelekile, kanti isithombe sikaSolomey, esithatha isidlo esinenhloko kaJohane, simelela ukuphefumula nokukhohliswa kobukhosi obuhle bamaKatolika. Okumangalisa ukuthi lobu bubi bebuqinile kunalokho okuhle, isithombe sikaJohane asikwazanga ukumelana nokuchitha isikhathi, futhi ngo-1926 kwafakwa esikhundleni sekhophi. Solomea kakade ikhulu lesine imi endaweni yayo, isinda kuzo zonke izinhlekelele zemvelo, izinguquko kanye nezimpi.
Esiqhingini eseningizimu-ntshonalanga esontweni laseSt. John ungabona ama-masks amatshe anemilomo evulekile. Kunezinguqulo ezimbili zenhloso yalezi zinhloko. Ngokwe-hypothesis yokuqala, bazisa abantu basekhaya mayelana nokuqala kwentshumayelo ngabo. Kukhona nalabo abakholelwa ukuthi lemilomo yamatshe yayisetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha abashumayeli. Kwadingeka ukuba bafunde imithandazo yabo ngokuzwakalayo ukuze bazwakale ngisho naseGrcinieku emgwaqweni.
Umlando wamakholi amabili uzinikezelwa ukungabi namuntu. Abangane befundisi babefuna ukuhamba emlandweni emva kwabo futhi bazizwa ukuthi uma bechitha konke ukuphila kwabo odongeni lithempeli, bayobalwa njengabangcwele. Bahlala isikhathi eside etilongweni, izakhamuzi zedolobha zazigqoka ukudla namanzi. Kodwa emva kokufa kwalezi zinhloli, akekho owake wathatha isenzo sabo esikhulu, futhi abazange banikeze ubuso bomsanta, ngoba kwakungewona ukholo olungcwele olwalushukumisela "abafel 'ukholo," kodwa ukuziqhenya okungenalutho.
Futhi eSontweni LaseSt. John's Lutheran ungabona:
- i-altare elidwebe lekhulu le-XVIII;
- isihlalo sika-1846;
- amafasitela angenangqayizivele angama-glass ayenziwe yi-E.Tode;
- Umdwebo kaY. Rosenthal "Ukubethelwa";
- iphiko lephiko, elihluke kwamanye amasonto hhayi embhoshongweni, kodwa ngaphezu kwesango eliphakathi.
Futhi ungase ufike emakhonsathini omculo wendikimba ebukhoma, ehlala esontweni kaningi. Isitho savela lapha ngo-1854, kodwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990 kwafakwa isitsha esisha esontweni likaSt. John ngombutho wamaLuthela wase-Udevalle (Sweden).
Ukungena ethempelini kukhululekile, ungashiya iminikelo yokuzithandela.
NgoMsombuluko usuku luvuliwe.
Kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngoMgqibelo, isonto livuliwe kusukela ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-17: 00 ngeSonto kusukela ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-12: 00.
Ungafika kanjani?
ISt. John's Church isendaweni yase- Old Riga , eJana Street 7. Izithuthi zomphakathi eziseduze ziyayeka:
- inombolo ye-tram 5, 7, 8 (Nacionālā opera);
- i-trolleybus No. 8,9 (i-Rātslaukums).
Ngaphezu kwalokho ungahamba ngezinyawo nje, njengoba yonke insimu yeDolobha Elidala idlula indawo.