Isifo se-Hemolytic yengane esanda kuzalwa yisifo esenzeka lapho igazi lomama ne-fetus lingavumelani. Lesi simo kungenzeka uma i-fetus izuza i-antigens yegazi evela kubaba, futhi egazini likaMama awekho ama-antigens anjalo. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo siqala uma i-Rhesus antigen ingavumelani, kodwa futhi ingabangela ukungahambisani nezinye izinhlobo zama-antigen.
Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo
Ephendula imiphumela ye-antigens ye-fetal emzimbeni kamama, ama-antibodies kulawa antigens akhiqizwa egazini lakhe. Ukungena emgodini wegazi emngceleni wengane, amasosha omzimba abangela i-hemolysis (ukubhujiswa) kwama-erythrocyte, okuholela ekuphazanyeni kwe-bilirubin metabolism. Isimo sithuthukiswa ukungahlanzeki kwesistimu ye-enzymatic yesibindi emntwaneni, ongakakwazi ukudlulisela i-bilirubin engcolile engaqondakali eqondile, ekhonjiswe ngezinso. Ama-antibodies omama angangena e-placenta kokubili ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi sokubeletha.
Ubuhlungu be-hemolytic isifo se-fetus kanye nosana luxhomeke ekutheni mangaki ama-antibodies atholakele kumama egazini lomntwana, kanye nangamathuba okubuyisela okule mali. Ngokuvamile isifo singakhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala. Amathuba okuba khona akhula ngokukhulelwa okulandelayo, tk. kukhona ukuqoqwa kwama-antibodies egazini lomama.
Izinhlobo ze-hemolytic isifo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa
Uma ingane ingafi ngo-utero, ke uzalwa ngesinye sezifo zalesi sifo:
- i-anemic;
- i-edematous;
- icteric.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zezifo ze-hemolytic ze-fetus nosana olusanda kuzalwa: i-normicromic anemia enobuningi bama-erythrocyte amancane egazini nase-hyperplasia (ukwanda) ku-spleen nesibindi.
Ifomu le-anemic
I-elula kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezenzeka lapho kwenzeka ukufinyelelwa okwesikhashana kwinani elincane lamagciwane okubeletha kumntwana. Ama-erythrocyte abhidliwe atholakala nge-placenta. Emntwaneni osanda kuzalwa ungabona ukugqama kwesikhumba, i-jaundice engekho. I-anemia ibonakala ekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala lokuphila.
Ifomu le-Edema
Ifomu elibi kakhulu le-hemolytic isifo somntwana osanda kuzalwa, edinga ukwelashwa emasekhondeni okuqala ngemva kokuzalwa. Kuvela lapho amantombazane omama wengane emntwaneni eqhubeka isikhathi eside. E-utero, ingane isinda, ngoba imikhiqizo yokudakwa igxiliwe ngokunyuka ngokukhululekile ku-placenta. I-fetus iyavumelana nesimo futhi ine-foci eyengeziwe ye-hematopoiesis. Izigulane ze-endocrine, isibindi nesipere ukwanda kakhulu. Umsebenzi we-protein-forming umsebenzi wesibindi, unciphisa inani lamaprotheni egazini, kukhona ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwezingqimba ezingaphansi kwamanoni, ukuqoqwa kwamanzi emzimbeni. Imiphumela yalesi sifo se-hemolytic isifo somntwana. Cishe zonke izingane ezizalwa ziphila zifa phakathi nemizuzu embalwa noma amahora ambalwa alandelayo.
Ifomu le-Jaundice
Ivela ngaphansi kwethonya lama-antibodies omama ebusweni, esivele sesivuthiwe ngokwanele. Ingane izalwa ngesikhathi ngesisindo somzimba esivamile. Isifo se-Hemolytic siqala ngosuku lokuqala. Ngosuku olulandelayo kune-jaundice, eyanda ngokushesha. Izitho zangaphakathi zanda usayizi. Kukhona ukwanda okujulile ezingeni le-bilirubin, kunezibonakaliso zokudakwa kwe-bilirubin nokuphazanyiswa kwesistimu yezinzwa zomphakathi: iningi lezinguquko ziphukile, ukuhlanza nokuxubana kubonakala, futhi mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-bilirubin engenasifo sezinso. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi futhi okulungile kwesifo se-icteric se-hemolytic isifo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ingane ingase ife ngosuku lwesibili ngemva kokuzalwa. Ukuphunyuka kwezingane kulele ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-hemolytic of the newborns
Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-hemolytic of the newborns kufanele kube esiphezulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanele, kubandakanya:
- ukususwa kokudakwa ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu;
- ukususwa kwama-antibodies emzimbeni wengane, okufaka isandla ekwengeziwe kwe-hemolysis yamaseli abomvu egazi;
- ukuthuthukiswa kombuso osebenzayo kwezitho ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo, ikakhulukazi izinso nesibindi.
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokwelapha iwukushintshaniswa kwegazi lokushintshaniswa ngesikhathi sokuqala.
Isifo se-Hemolytic of the newborns kangcono ukuphatha, kepha ukuxwayisa. Njengoba i-prophylaxis, ukuphathwa kwe-antiresus gamma-immunoglobulin kowesifazane ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane yokuqala, ukungafuni ukuvuselelwa ngokuphindaphinda isikhumba esikhwameni kumyeni, ukuqeda ukukhipha izisu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala, kusetshenziselwa. Izingane zokuqala zizalwa ziphilile.