Iqembu legazi lezingane

Uhlobo luni lwegazi ingane izuze kubazali? Lokhu akusilo isithakazelo esingenalutho, kodwa kunolwazi olubalulekile. Phela, iqembu legazi liwuhlobo lwenkomba yomuntu. Kodwa, uma kuziwa kumntwana ongakazalwa, singakhuluma kuphela ngamathuba namaphesenti.

Ngingazi kanjani uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana?

UMnu. Landsteiner, ososayensi oye wahlola ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, wakwazi ukuthola ukuthi umuntu ngamunye embranini ye-erythrocyte kunama-antigens okuthiwa: i-antigen yohlobo A (iqoqo II legazi) noma i-antigen yohlobo B (iqembu lesi-3 legazi). I-Landsteiner iphinde ithole amaseli lapho lezi zinhlayiya ezingekho khona (iqembu Igazi). Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi abalandeli bakhe bathola amangqamuzana egazi abomvu lapho khona amamaki A ne B (i-IV blood group) bekhona. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalolu cwaningo, uhlelo lwe-ABO lusekelwe futhi imithetho eyisisekelo yefa leqembu legazi, kanye nezinye izimpawu ezivela kubazali kuya ezinganeni, zahlelwa.

Njengomthetho, kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde iqembu legazi lomntwana ngokuqondile ngokuphelele emva kokuzalwa nokulethwa kokuhlaziywa okuhambelanayo. Kodwa, njengoba le nqubo yefa ingaphansi kwemithetho eyaziwa kakade, ngisho nangaphambi kokuvela kwengane, kungenzeka ukuba wenze izicabango ezisekelwe kahle.

Ngakho-ke, kanjani ukunquma uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana? Inhlanganisela engenzeka kakhulu yilezi:

1. Abazali abangenawo ama-antigens, okungukuthi, omama nobaba ngeqembu Igazi, ngokuqinisekile bayoveza ingane eneqembu legazi kuphela.
2. Embhangqwana eshadile eneqembu legazi le-I ne-II, amathuba okubeletha amaqembu egazi ne-I kanye ne-II afana ncamashi. Isimo esifanayo senziwa phakathi kwabashade namaqembu I no-III.
3. Ngokusemthethweni, akulula ukunquma kusengaphambili uhlobo lwegazi lwengane, omunye wabazali bakhe uyithwala lazo zombili ama-antigens. Kulesi simo, kuphela iqembu legazi le-I elingasuswa.
4. Kodwa-ke, umbhangqwana ongenakulinganisiwe usabhekwa njengendoda nomfazi enezinkampani zegazi III kanye no-II - izingane zabo zingathola ifa.

Ngakho-ke, sithole ukuthi iqembu labo igazi lidluliselwa kumntwana, noma, ngokunembile, baqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zalezi zinhlanganisela ezilula zofuzo. Manje ake sikhulume ngesici seRhesus, esizuzwa njengezici eziyinhloko. I-Rhesus engavamile engalungile, indlalifa ingaba kuphela emndenini, lapho abazali bobabili "benganaki." Kulabo abashadile "abalungile" amathuba okuba nomntwana ongu-Rh angama-25%. Kwezinye izimo, umphumela ungaba yikuphi.