Ukuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla kungukudluliswa kwezihlahla noma iziqu zomuthi owodwa kuya komunye, ukuze kusebenze ubuhle babo phakathi kwabo. Isihlahla osithatha kuso ubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa, futhi lapho usitshala khona, isitoko.
Uma zonke izenzo zokuhlanganiswa zenziwa ngendlela efanele, bese ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isiphunzi esinjalo kanye ne-graft iba yinto eyodwa ephilayo, iphenduke ibe ngumuthi ohlukile.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla zezithelo kukuvumela ukuba uqale ukukhula izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene engadini yakho ngezihlahla ezimbalwa kuphela.
Kungani uhlwanyela izihlahla?
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla zezithelo kukuvumela ukuba uthole izinhlobo ezinjalo, okungesizathu esithile ezingangeni empande endaweni yakho. Futhi abakwazi ukujwayele ngenxa yethonya lezici ezihlukahlukene:
- isithwathwa;
- isomiso;
- ubumpofu bomhlabathi;
- izifo nezinambuzane.
Ukugoma kuzokusiza ukuthuthukisa isayithi lakho: nge-inoculation, ungakhula umuthi hybride engadini yakho uma, isibonelo, i-apula ikhula egatsheni elilodwa, kanti i-pear ikhula komunye.
Ngingahlwanyela nini izihlahla?
Ungagoma ngesikhatsi kukhona ukunyakaza kwe-sap esebenzayo - entwasahlobo noma ehlobo. Isihlahla kufanele sibe ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-10 ubudala, ngoba izihlahla ezindala zingasinda futhi zingangeni izimpande kahle noma zingahlali phansi. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile.
Inoculation yezihlahla zezithelo: izindlela ezingcono kakhulu
Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zemigomo esetshenziselwa ukulima:
- I-inoculation enezinso (i-oculization);
- I-inoculation enebambo.
Indlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza i-ovulation, eyenziwa ehlobo.
Inoculation nge isibambo kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Le ndlela ifanele emacaleni alandelayo:
- ngenxa yezihlahla ezingazange zamukele ukuhlanganiswa;
- uma ufuna ukusindisa isihlahla esonakele;
- shintsha okuhlukahlukene;
- yakha amagatsha amasha anemiqhele eyodwa emaceleni.
I-inoculation ne-cuticle inezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- ukukopisha;
- ku-cleavage;
- i-cached-cleaved.
Indlela yokutshala kahle izihlahla zezithelo?
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhetha indlela yokuxhunyelelwa-ukuhlanganiswa noma i-inoculation ngesibambo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- ehlobo, lapho izinso zakhiwe kahle futhi kusekhona ukugeleza kwamanzi;
- entwasahlobo, lapho izinso ziqala ukuhluma.
Lolu hlobo lokugoma lufanelekile ngamapheya, ama-apricot , ama-plums kanye nama-cherries.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenziwa kanje:
- Kuyadingeka kuqala ukukhulula isitokisi emhlathini bese uyayithwala.
- Senza isihlangu ngezinso. Sika izinso ezinempilo eziphakathi nendawo yokusika.
- Ngokulandelayo emagqumeni, khetha indawo ebushelelezi bese usula nge-rag.
- Esikhathini se-cortex yenza ukuqubuka okufana ne-T bese ufaka ngokushesha isisulu ngezinso.
- Sifaka isayithi eligonywe ngefilimu ye-engraftment engcono kakhulu.
Manje ake sibheke izindlela ze-inoculation ngesibambo.
Ukuqubuzana kunamanye amabili: okulula futhi okuthuthukisiwe.
Ukuphinda okulula kwenziwa kanje:
- Yenza ama-slanting tincetu 3 cm ubude ekugcineni kwegatsha futhi usike.
- Sasibekela lezi tincetu kwelinye.
- Ukubamba i-shank esitokisini, sibopha i-tape emnyama yokuqhafaza ngephuzu lokunamathisela.
- Ingxenye engenhla igcobe nge-sauce engadini.
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-copulation kungukudalwa kwe-incision longitudinal eyengeziwe. Ukusikeka okunjalo kwenziwa esitokisini kanye ne-privo. Bese bahlangana omunye nomunye.
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I-inoculation ne-cuticle ngemuva kwegxolo isetshenziswa kaningi ezimweni lapho i-privea ilula khona kune-stock. Le ndlela ivumela izicubu zomuthi ukuba ziphulukise ngokushesha.
- Kubalulekile ukusika i-shank engxenyeni yama-degrees angu-30.
- Sinquma amagxolo ibe yizimpande.
- Sifaka ukusika ekunqunyiwe.
- Lungisa ifilimu.
- Sisebenzisa ingadi var ukugcoba indawo yokugoma.
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Inoculation in the cleavage isetshenziselwa ukwakha izinhlobo ezintsha zezinkuni.
- Sinqamula amagatsha emasipha esitokisini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sisuka ku-10-30 cm kusuka esihlahleni.
- Senza emigqumeni ye-longitudinal ene-5 cm ejulile.
- Egatheni elikhulu, ungafaka ama-cuttings amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Uma igatsha lincane kakhulu noma unquma ukutshala ukusika okulodwa kuphela, khona-ke okuthiwa i-half-cleavage yenziwa-hhayi ngokuya.
- Nciphisa ama-cuttings ngesimo somkhawulo.
- Sifaka ku-cleavage esiseduze nomngcele we-hemp endaweni encane eseceleni kwe-rootstock ngokwayo.
- Sifaka indawo ye-inoculation ngefilimu ye-polyethylene.
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Kukhona itafula ongayinquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezihlahla ezihambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, ukungathobeki okukhulu kwe-graft yi-pear, kusukela emithonjeni ye-rootthocks yi-hawthorn.
Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela yokugoma oyikhethayo, kufanele ucabange ngokucophelela isikhathi sokugoma, ukhetho lwezinhlobonhlobo zezinkuni nokulungiselela ngokucophelela ama-cuttings. Futhi ungakhohlwa ngamathuluzi: ummese wensimu kufanele ubukhali ngokwanele. Lokhu kuyimfuneko yokugoma ngekhwalithi.