Uma umuthi wakho we-apula ungatheli izithelo, noma ukuvuna kuwo kulula kakhulu, inkinga ingaxazululwa hhayi nje ngezinyathelo ezinkulu, ukunciphisa umuthi nokutshala enye esikhundleni, nokugxila ngaphezulu - ukutshala kuwo umuthi wama apula ohlobo oluhlukile. Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi futhi ukwandisa ukuhambisana kwezinhlobo zama-apula kusayithi lakho. Le ndlela izonciphisa isikhathi sokulinda sokuvuna kokuqala, futhi akudingeki usebenzise imali ezitshalweni ezintsha.
Indlela yokutshala ngokufanele umuthi we-apula?
Abalimi abanolwazi bazi izindlela kanye nenqubo yokutshala izihlahla konke. Kodwa abaqalekisi ngezinye izikhathi abazi ukuthi bangahlwanyela kanjani i-apula ukuze bazuze imiphumela emihle. Sizozama ukuqonda lokhu ngemininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngokuvamile, i-inoculation ye-apula izihlahla zenziwa ngokukopisha, okungukuthi, ukuhlanganisa ama-cuttings. Ehlobo, ungasebenzisa indlela ehlukile - ukwenziwa kwe-ocularization, okungukuthi, ukuxhunyelelwa izinso. Kodwa ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezigameko futhi kufeza izinhloso ezahlukene - ukuvuselela insimu, ukulungisa izihlahla ezimele, esikhundleni sezinhlobo eziphansi ezinikezelayo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekufakeni i-apula isilungiso ukulungiswa kwe-scion (ukuhlanganiswa), i-jamu yamathuluzi namathuluzi, njengombala we-graft, i-blade engadini ebukhali, i-tape yokunamathisela noma i-polyethylene yokubopha.
Privoj ukulungiselela kusuka ekuqaleni kwebusika, nge frosts yokuqala, lapho amagatsha kakade ukuphumula. Uma ungenaso isikhathi sokwenza lokhu, ungawalungiselela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti izinso zingakabiphi.
Ku-scion, udinga ukukhetha ukukhula amahlumela wonyaka ngemithi enempilo nenempilo. Amagatsha kufanele abe yi-30-35 cm ubude. Sikaze ngehora elimhlophe ukuze ukusika kube kathathu njengokujula njenge-twig. Kubalulekile futhi ukusika umkhawulo ophezulu we-graft kuze kube ubude bendawo phakathi kwe-efihlekile ephezulu.
Gcina amahlumela alungisiwe egumbini elingaphansi kwensimu emanzi noma i-sawdust. Uma kungekho indawo engaphansi, ungasebenzisa isiqandisisi. Hlanganisa kuqala ama-cuttings endwangu emanzi bese uwafake eshalofini elingezansi lesiqandisini.
Zama ukungathinti tincetu kanye nokusika ngaphandle kwesidingo. Sika kumele kube ngamathuluzi angenisiwe. Ngeke kube okungadingekile ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi.
Yiziphi izihlahla ezingatshalaliswa ngezihlahla ze-apula?
Kulindeleke ukuthi enye yemibuzo enqubo yokugoma iyoba yi-yini engatshalalwa nge-apula. Kunoma yikuphi, i-stock best kuyoba uhlobo olufanayo lwesitshalo njenge-graft. Endabeni yesipula, kungcono ukuyihlwanyela esihlahleni se-apula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokugoma, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhambisana kwezinhlobonhlobo zomuthi we-apula ohlanganisiwe nomuthi oyinhloko ngokuhambisana nokuvuthwa kwesithelo. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zihlukene ngokwemigomo yokuvuthwa - kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuze kukhule ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngakho-ke, akuyona into engathandeki ukutshala izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zakamuva futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
Yiqiniso, izitshalo ezihlanganisiwe zizophila, kodwa akufanelekile ukulinda izivuno ezinkulu, ngoba ngeke zithole izakhi ezanele. Ikakhulukazi iphathelene namacala okuxhunyelela izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ehlobo. Ngenxa yokuntuleka komsoco ngesikhathi esibucayi kunazo zonke izithelo zokuvuthwa, ama-apula azowa ngokushesha futhi ashintshe izimfanelo zawo.
Indlela yokutshala i-apula?
Ngokushesha inqubo yokuhlanganiswa ibukeka kanje: ulungisa isitokisi, wenza ukusika okwesikhashana noma ukugoqa, kuye ngokuthi indlela yokuhlanganiswa ekhethiwe. Xhuma ukusika kwi-cuttings nge-cut to the root and tightly ukuphefumula nge tape olungiselelwe, ifilimu noma tape.
Uma ukhethe indlela yokuxhunyelelwa ekuhlanzeni, hlula i-rootwise crosswise noma ngaphesheya bese ufaka 1-2 iziqu kulo, faka ngokuqinile isakhiwo esiholela. Beka i-cutti e-roottick nge-sauce engadini. Le ndlela idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, ngoba ngesitoko unehlangothini olulodwa kuphela le-scion oxhumana naye.