Imithetho yokudlala i-chess

Uma ungazi ukuthi kujabulisa kanjani ukuchitha ubusuku nomndeni wonke, zama ukudlala i-chess. Ukuze ukwazi lokhu mdlalo omdala wengqondo, akudingekile ukuba ne-IQ ephezulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde imithetho eyisisekelo yomdlalo we-chess - futhi ngomzamo omncane, ungashesha ukufika ngokuhlanganiswa okusha okungahambi kahle kunabo abadlali abanolwazi.

Okuyisisekelo somdlalo wabaqalayo

I-chessboard ihlanganisa izikwele ezingu-64, lapho amasimu amhlophe ehamba khona nalabo abamnyama. Imigqa evulekile ibalwa kusukela ku-1 kuya kweyisishiyagalombili, futhi imigqa eqondile iboniswa izinhlamvu zesiLatini kusukela ku-h kuya ku-h. Insimu ngayinye yebhodi inikezwa izixhumanisi zayo, ezakhiwe egameni lomugqa oqondile kanye nenombolo yesigcawu esinqunyiwe ebhodini, isibonelo, a7, f5, njll.

Ngaphambi kokuqala komdlalo akukhona kuphela ukufunda imithetho yomdlalo futhi uqonde ukuthi udlala kanjani i-chess, kodwa futhi ubeke kahle ibhodi. Kufakwa ukuze umhlanganyeli ngamunye ohlangothini lwesokudla abe nensimu yekona yombala omhlophe. Kukhona abadlali ababili: omunye ulawula izibalo zombala omhlophe, futhi owesibili - izibalo zombala omnyama (omnyama). Zonke izibalo zinegama lazo eziyingqayizivele: inkosi, indlovukazi (indlovukazi), izindlovu (izikhulu), ama-rooks (izinkambo), amahhashi kanye nama-pawns. Umdlalo uhilela inkosi eyodwa (okubizwa ngokuthi i-Kr) kanye nendlovukazi (F), ama-knights amabili (K), ama-rooks (L), izindlovu ezimbili (C) kanye nama-pawn ayisishiyagalombili (n.) Ohlangothini ngalunye-izibalo ezingu-16 kuzo zonke.

Imithetho yokudlala i-chess yabaqalayo kanye nezingane: mayelana nokuyinkimbinkimbi

Okokuqala, zonke izingcezu ebhodini zivezwe njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi.

Zonke zihamba ngendlela ekhethekile, ezikhethekile kuphela kubo:

1. Indlovu ihamba ngokuhlanganyela kuyo yonke indawo kusukela endaweni lapho ikhona khona.
2. I-rook ingadluliselwa kunoma iyiphi insimu ekuqondeni okuqondile noma okuqondile, kusukela lapho ikhona khona.
3. Indlovukazi ihamba ngokukhululekile kunoma iyiphi insimu idayagonally, noma ihamba ngokuqondile.
4. Abantu abadala, etshela imithetho yokudlala i-chess yezingane, kufanele baqaphele ukuthi indlovu, i-rook noma indlovukazi ayikwazi ukuhlelwa kabusha emkhakheni uma ibanjwe isitha sabantu abayizitha.
5. Ihhashi lihamba ngendlela yombhalo "G", uhlala kwelinye lamasimu aseduze nendawo yalo, kodwa akufanele litholakale ku-diagonal efanayo, enezingqimba noma eziqondile.
6. I-pawn ingathuthukiswa kuphela ngezindlela eziningana. Kusukela ekuthomeni kokuqala, lo mumo ungadluliselwa emasimini angu-1 noma amabili phambili phambili ngokufanayo uma akhululekile kwezinye izimo. Kunoma yisiphi esinye isikhundla, i-pawn ihamba ngendlela efanayo, kodwa kuphela ensimini eyodwa. Lesi sibalo singasusa isibalo somphikisi uma sibhekene nesikhwama esivumelwaneni esiseduze esiqondisweni se-diagonal.
7. Ngokusho kwemithetho eyisisekelo ye-chess, i-pawn efinyelele endaweni ephakeme kunazo zonke ephezulu ukusuka endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni iguqulwa ibe yindlovu, i-rook, ihhashi noma indlovukazi yombala ofanayo.
8. Inkosi iya emkhakheni oseduze, uma umphikisi engamsongo endaweni entsha.

   Futhi, lesi sibalo esisihluthulelo singasuswa ngokukhishwa.

   Uma inkosi futhi igubha ngombala ofanayo ingena esikhundleni sokuqala, ishukunyiselwa ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu: kusukela ensimini yokuqala inkosi ihlelwa kabusha emasimini amabili okuya kulo, futhi uhambo "luya" luya enkosini ensimini elandelayo eduze naye.

Ukwenza shah and mat

Shah kuyinto ukuhlaselwa izibalo izitha enkosini. Kulesi simo, ukwazi imithetho yomdlalo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi ungafunda kanjani ukudlala i-chess. Awukwazi ukuhamba ngesinye isibalo, ngaphandle kwenkosi, uze umkhiphe ngaphansi kwe-Shah. Ngosizo lendlovu emnyama, ungenza kalula isimo se-shahovaya ngenkosi emhlophe, njengoba kunjalo, futhi ngokuphambene nalokhu: isikhulu esimhlophe sisongela inkosi emnyama.

Kulezi zithombe ezilandelayo, shah kuthiwa izibalo ezimnyama, kodwa zivikelwe kuwo ngokuhambisa indlovu ku-c5.

I-mat is shah engenakuqedwa. Umshini oshiwo ubhekwa njengokunqoba. I-classic version: indlovukazi ihlasela inkosi, ongenakho izindlela zokuhamba. Susa indlovukazi ebhodini inkosi ayikwazi futhi, ngoba ivikela inkosi emhlophe.

Umuthi ungabuye ubekwe ngosizo lwe-rook: ama-pawn amnyama ama-f7, g7 ne-h7 aphazamisa isibalo samnyama esimnyama sokuphunyuka.

Uhlu lwezincwadi ekufundeni ukudlala i-chess:

1. I-Levenfish G. Ya. "Incwadi yomdlali wokuqala we-chess" (1957).
2. Rokhlin Ya. G. "Chess" (1959).
3. Ama-Podgaet OA "Ukuhamba emasimini amhlophe namnyama" (2006).
4. U-Volokitin A., Grabinsky V. "Uzifundisayo wezingane prodigies" (2009).
5. Yudovich MM "Ukuzijabulisa Chess" (1966).
6. I-Eyve M. "Incwadi yomdlalo we-chess" (2003).
7. Khalas F. "Adventures eMbusweni we-Chess" (2016).
8. I-Kalinichenko NM "Izifundo zama-chess amaqhinga amathimba amancane" (2016).
9. Trofimova AS "Izimfihlo zokuphatha abadlali abasha chess" (2016).
10. Chandler M. «Chess izingane. Beka i-papa mate! "(2015).

Futhi siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele ngemithetho yokudlala i- backgammon nabahloli.