I-Thrombocytopenia yizinga elingenalo noma eliphansi lamaplatelet wegazi (amaplatelet). La maseli egazi angenakubala angabalulekile kakhulu ekunqandeni igazi. I-thrombocytopenia ebizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytopenia ingaba isongela ukuphila, ngoba ibangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi nokuzibulala ngokweqile ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi.
Izimbangela ze-thrombocytopenia ye-autoimmune
Izimbangela ze-thrombocytopenia zihluke kakhulu. Ukuntuleka kwamaplatelets kungenzeka ngenxa yezinkinga zokuzivikela ngokumpompela igazi, okungahambisani nobulungu beqembu, noma uma i-antigen yangaphandle ingena emzimbeni, isibonelo, igciwane. Kodwa kanengi emzimbeni womuntu, i-autoimmune thrombocytopenia iqala. Lesi yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba "angabazi" iplatelet enempilo, eholela ekuthuthukiseni kwama-antibodies ukuqeda "u-alien". Uma i-thrombocytopenia enjalo ihambisana nezinye izifo, kuthiwa yi-secondary. Izimbangela zalo yizifo ezihlukahlukene:
- ama-collagenoses (i-dermatomyositis, i-systemic lupus erythematosus noma i- scleroderma );
- i-leukemia engapheli futhi enamandla (Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, myeloma);
- ezinye izifo zezinso nesifo sofuba esingapheli.
Uma i-thrombocytopenia ye-autoimmune ibonakala njengesifo esikude, kuthiwa isifo sikaVerff, kanye ne-thrombocytopenia ebalulekile noma ye-idiopathic. Izimbangela zalesi sifo aziqinisekisi kahle. Phakathi kwezici ezandulele ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, kukhona ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kanye namagciwane, imisebenzi yokuhlinzwa, imigomo, ukulimala kanye nokwethulwa kwe-gamma globulin. Emaphesenti angama-45%, i-thrombocytopenia ebalulekile ivela ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Izimbangela ze-thrombocytopenia enenzuzo
I-thrombocytopenia ekhiqizayo iyenzeka emzimbeni, lapho umnkantsha wezintambo ungeke ubeke ama-platelet ngesamba lapho kudingekile khona esifundeni esivamile. Izimbangela zalesi thrombocytopenia kubantu abadala zi:
- i-aplastic insemia ;
- I-TAP-syndrome;
- i-myelodysplastic syndrome;
- i-myelosclerosis;
- ukuqubuzana kwezidumbu ezithile emnothweni wethambo;
- isenzo samakhemikhali (isibonelo, benzene).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thrombocytopenia ekhiqizayo ibonakala ngenxa ye-acute leukemia, lapho kukhona ukuguquguquka okujulile kwe-tumatopoiesis, ngokudakwa ngokweqile kanye nokutheleleka okuhlukahlukene (i-viremia, isifo sofuba segazi, i-bacterium). Ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamaplatelets nalabo abangenayo i-vitamin B12 ne-folic acid. Ukuthuthukiswa okungenzeka kwe-thrombocytopenia nokulwa nokwelashwa kwemisebe noma ukuvezwa kwemisebe ye-ionizing.
Izimbangela ze-drug thrombocytopenia
Ngezidakamizwa ze-thrombocytopenia, ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngokumelene nomuthi we-antigen-wezwe ongaphezu kwamaplatelets, noma uma isakhiwo se-antigenic seplatelet sishintsha. Ezimweni eziningi, izimbangela zalolu hlobo lwe-thrombocytopenia yizidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuzijabulisa:
- I-Meprobamate;
- I-Phenobarbital;
- I-Sedormid;
- i-allyl isopropylbarbituric acid.
2. I-Alkaloids:
- Quinidine;
- Quinine.
- Ama-antibiotics;
- I-Oxytetracycline;
- Streptomycin;
- Chloramphenicol;
- Ristocetin.
3. I-antibacterial sulfonamide:
- Sulfidiazine;
- Sulfamethazine.
4. Iminye imithi:
- I-Dinitrophenol;
- iodide ye-potassium;
- I-Digitoxin;
- I-Carbamazepine.
Izimbangela ze-thrombocytopenia ezigulini ze-HIV
I-Thrombocytopenia ingabonakalisa kubantu abane-HIV. Kunezizathu ezimbili zokususa lesi simo kuziguli:
- Okokuqala, yilokho i-HIV ihlasela ama-megakaryocytes, okwenza kube khona ukuphelelwa kwamaplatelets.
- Okwesibili, izidakamizwa ezisiza ukulwa nokutheleleka ngokuvamile zilimaza umnsalo obomvu womuntu.