I-otolaryngologist - ngubani, futhi ukuqokwa kukadokotela kanjani?

Uma lezi zimpawu noma ezinye izimpawu ze-pathological occur, akuzona njalo ezicacile kudokotela okufanele abhalise, ngoba kukhona ochwepheshe abaningi abanokugxila okuncane. Ake sihlale ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwemibonakalo i-otolaryngologist eyokusiza, ukuthi ngubani, ukuthi yenzani, nokuthi lo mchwepheshe uqhuba kanjani ukwamukela.

I-otolaryngologist - ngubani futhi lokho okuphathayo?

Mayelana nokuthi ubani otolaryngologist onjalo nokuthi uphulukisa, abaningi bafunda kusukela ebuntwaneni, lapho ithunyelwa kudokotela wezingane ngezinkinga emva kwezifo zokuphefumula. Lo dokotela ugxile kwizifo zezitho ezintathu eziyinhloko: izindlebe, umphimbo kanye nekhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-otolaryngologist ihlanganyela ekuhloleni nasekuphatheni izitho eziseduze, akugcini nje ngokuvala ngokwemvelo, kodwa futhi ihlobene ngokuzimela ngokomzimba: amathoni, izidakamizwa ze-adnexal, i-trachea, i-lymph nodes.

I-otolaryngologist yi-ENT noma cha?

Uma sicabanga ukuthi i-otolaryngologist ingokwedokotela, kufanele sikhethe elinye igama - ENT. Lesi yisifinyezo se-otolaryngologists, futhi imvelaphi yesifinyezo ivela ezincwadini zokuqala zezimpande zamagama esiGreki asendulo ezikhomba ukuthi udokotela uyazi ukuthi: "laryng" - umphimbo, "kusuka" - indlebe, "ibhongo" - impumulo. ENT odokotela abanolwazi lwezinkinga zentanyeni nekhanda, bajwayele ukuthambo, umzimba, neurology.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-otolaryngologist?

Ake sicabangele lokho okwenziwa yi-otolaryngologist, yiziphi izifo ezisezingeni lomsebenzi wakhe:

• I-pathology yezinhlaka zokuzwa:
• ukuvuvukala kwendlebe yangaphakathi, ephakathi, ngaphakathi;
• i-eustachiitis;
• i-mastoiditis;
• Isifo se-Miniera;
• i-otomycosis;
• i-neuritis ye-nerve auditory;
• ukutholakala komsele womlomo nge-plug sulfur;
• i-otosclerosis;
• ukulahleka kokuzwa;
• i-barotrauma;
• ukukhubazeka kwesigxobo sezinyosi kanye nezono ze-paranasal:
• i-rhinitis;
• ukugoba kwe-septum nasal;
• i-sinusitis;
• i-aerosynexitis;
• ozena;
• ama-polyps ekhaleni;
• ukuphuma kwegazi;
• i-hematoma ye-septum yangasese;
• ukukhubazeka komphimbo:
• i-angina;
• i-tonsillitis engapheli;
• i-laryngitis;
• i-pharyngitis;
• i-paratonzillar ne-absent okolohlotocnye;
• laryngospasm;
• i-tracheitis;
• ama-papillomas ku-larynx, emiceleni yamagama;
• polyposis kanye nabanye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela we-ENT okukhishwa emaphethelweni okuphefumula okuphezulu, amaphuzu angamazinyo kanye nokuhamba kwezimpahla zangaphandle. Futhi ekusebenzeni kwalaba odokotela yizivivinyo ezivimbelayo nezihleliwe zabesifazane abakhulelwe, abafundi, abasebenzi bezinkampani ezahlukene. Ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwa kwenziwa ngudokotela ohlinzayo-otolaryngologist, kanti i-oncologist-otolaryngologist isebenzelana nezifo ze-oncologic.

Imisebenzi ye-otolaryngologist

Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-otolaryngologist esebenza nge-polyclinic ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuxilonga, zokwelapha, nokululekwa kweziguli. Ekutholeni i-pathologies, udokotela kufanele enze ngesikhathi esifanele enze izindlela zokwelashwa nokuhlinzeka, ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, nokubhekisela ezigulini ukuze afike esibhedlela. Zonke izenzo zesazi kufanele zihambisane nemiyalelo yeziphathimandla zezempilo.

Uma uxhumane ne-otolaryngologist?

Wonke umuntu okhathalela impilo yakhe kufanele azi ukuthi u-otolaryngologist uthatha ukuthini, ngubani. Kunconywa ukuba uhlole njalo lo dokotela ukuze uqaphele ukwehluka okungenzeka ngesikhathi. Ukuphuthumayo ukuya ekwamukeleni kufanele kube lapho kukhona izimpawu ezibonisa isifo se-ENT:

• ikhala eligijima elide elinomkhuhlane;
• ukucindezela ubuhlungu ebunzini, ekhaleni nasemaceleni alo;
• ukungahlali isikhathi eside kokuphefumula komzimba;
• ukungabi khona kwephunga;
• ukuphazamiseka kokuzwa;
• ubuhlungu, umsindo, noma ukukhala ezindlebeni ;
• umkhuhlane omkhulu, ohambisana nomkhuhlane;
• ukunganaki emphinjeni lapho uhlafuna, ugwinya, ukhuluma;
• inzwa yento yangaphandle emgodini omsulwa .

I-otolaryngologist kanjani?

Ukunquma ukuthi yiliphi odokotela otolaryngologist kulula, futhi lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi odokotela balezi zici ezikhethekile bayagqoka idivayisi ekhethekile emakhanda abo - i-reflector yangaphambili. Yimbuthano ye-concave nesibuko kanye nomgodi phakathi, okukuvumela ukuba uqondise umzila wokukhanya endaweni yocwaningo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola iziguli u-otolaryngologist udokotela usebenzisa amathuluzi anjalo namathuluzi:

• Spatula - ukuhlolwa kwe-pharynx;
• Isibuko sokusondeza - ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye zomlomo;
• I-Otoscope - yokuhlola indlebe yezindlebe;
• isibuko se-rhinoscopy yangemuva, okuvumela ukuba ubone nasopharynx naseminyangweni yeminyango yangemuva;
• i-audiometer - idivaysi yokunquma ubukhulu bokuzwa;
• endoscope - ithuluzi lokucwaninga ngokujulile izingxenye ezijulile zendlebe, impumulo, i-larynx.

Ukwamukela i-otolaryngologist kuqala ngokuxoxisana ngesiguli, ukucaciswa kwezikhalazo. Ngaphandle kokugcina kwalokhu, ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye zokuhlola nokucwaninga, umphimbo, ukuhlunga kwe-lymph nodes kuvame ukwenza. Uma izimpawu ze-pathological zikhona futhi ukuhlolwa kwembula okungavamile, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kutholakale ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga:

• I-X-ray;
• i-computer noma i-imaging resonance imaging;
• Baknanaliz smear kusuka emphinjeni , impumulo, indlebe;
• ukuhlaziywa kwegazi nabanye.

Uhlolisisa udokotela we-ENT?

Udokotela we-ENT ungumchwepheshe ohlolwayo wendabuko eqhutshwa ngezigaba eziningana:

1. Ukuhlolisiswa komphimbo kanye namathoni - ngenxa yalokhu isiguli sidinga ukuvula umlomo wakhe ngokubanzi, unamathela olimini lwakhe bese ubiza umsindo "a", futhi udokotela uhlola i-mucosa, ukutholakala kwe-plaque nokuvuvukala.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye zomlomo - kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isibonakaliso se-nasal dilator, ngokungafani kufakwe emakhaleni, ubukhulu bezingxenye zomlomo, isimo se-septum, ukuguqulwa kwezinguquko kanye nokushintsha kwamathambo kubonakala.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwezindlebe - udokotela we-ENT ungena eardrum ngokufaka ukungena kwangaphandle kwe-otoscope, ucindezela i-tragus, ahlole ukuzwa ngenkulumo noma ngokusebenzisa imishini.

Ama-otolaryngologist amathiphu

Amathiphu alandelayo ka-ENT asiza ukugcina impilo ye-ENT izitho, ukugwema ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokubandayo nokukhushulwa komzimba:

1. Ukuze ulondoloze imisebenzi yokuvikela yamangqamuzana, kufanele uqaphele umswakama ekamelweni, okungafanele kube ngaphansi kuka-45%.
2. Esikhathini esibandayo kubalulekile ukuvikela izindlebe kanye nomphimbo ovela emoyeni naseqhwa, ukugqoka isigqoko nesiqhwa.
3. Ngeqhwa elibi, akukhuthazwa ukuba ukhulume ngaphandle, ukufaka umoya emlonyeni.
4. Hlala kude nabantu abanezibonakaliso zokugula.
5. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala futhi uphonse isibabule emgodini wezindlebe, awukwazi ukusebenzisa uhla lwekotini, futhi uhlanza ukungena ezindlebeni emva kokudonsa, usebenzisa uhlangothi lwendwangu.
6. Ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, udinga ukushiya ukusetshenziswa kwe-headphone engenawo umzila, futhi ku-headphones evamile kumele kubekwe kumthamo ongaphezulu kuka-60% wezinga eliphezulu.
7. Ezimpawu zokuqala ze-pathological kunconywa ukubhekana nodokotela, esikhundleni sokuthi ube ne-selftreatment.