Kuze kube manje, enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ukuxilongwa kwezifo ze-neurologists ebuntwaneni "i-hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome" noma, ngokumane, i-hydrocephalus. Ezimweni eziningi, ingane ayidingi ukwelashwa ngemithi, ngoba kukhona ukuxilongwa ngokweqile. Noma kunjalo, abazali kudingeka baqonde ukuthi umqondo "we-brain hydrocephalus ezinsana" usho ukuthini, futhi uqinise ukulawulwa kwentuthuko yengane.
Kuyini i-hydrocephalus futhi kungani kwenzeka?
Kubantu, i-hydrocephalus ibizwa ngokuthi i-dropsy yobuchopho, futhi yisifo esibi. Lesi sifo sihambisana nokwanda kwevolumu ye-cerebrospinal fluid, evikela ubuchopho bomuntu emonakalweni. Lapho ingane ihlushwa yi-dropsy, inani layo landa izikhathi eziningi.
Izimbangela ze-hydrocephalus zithembele ngokuyinhloko yengane yengane.
1. Izimbangela ze-hydrocephalus ebusweni:
- ukuhlukana okuhlukahlukene kwe-CNS - ezimweni eziningi;
- i-intrauterine infections (herpes, cytomegalia, toxoplasmosis) - kuma-20% amacala;
- izifo zofuzo - ezimweni ezingavamile.
2. Izimbangela ze-hydrocephalus ezisanda kuzalwa:
- ukulimazeka kwengqondo nobuchopho bomgogodla; imiphumela ye-intrauterine infections - kuze kufike kuma-80% amacala;
- ukulimala kokubeletha, ikakhulukazi ezinsana ezisenesikhathi esingaphansi, ezihambisana ne-intracerebral / intraventricular hemorrhage kanye ne-meningitis, okubangelwa ukungenwa kwemvelo kwe-CSF - cishe amacala angu-20%;
- izicubu kanye nokulimazeka kwemisipha yobuchopho kuyizinto ezingavamile kakhulu kule minyaka.
3. Izimbangela ze-hydrocephalus ezinganeni 1-2 iminyaka nangaphezulu:
- izicubu zobuchopho nomgogodla;
- isisu;
- imiphumela ye-meningitis, i-encephalitis, izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo (isibonelo, isifo sofuba);
- imiphumela yokulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu;
- ukulimazeka kwengqondo kanye nezitsha zayo;
- izifo zofuzo.
Isibonakaliso esivela kunazo zonke se-hydrocephalus ezisanda kuzalwa siwukukhula okuqhubekayo kwesikhala sekhanda, okuholela ekujuleni kahle kwe-skull okwenziwe ngokucacile. Lesi skull sanda kakhulu ngevolumu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibonakaliso se-hydrocephalus ezisanda kuzalwa siyi-font ye-taut yokuvuvukala, ukushintshwa kwama-eyeballs kuya phansi kanye nokuphindaphinda kwekhanda njalo. Ezindaweni lapho amathambo ekhanda ekhula ndawonye, ukuqhuma kwe-shape okuzungezile kungase kwakha. Ngokuvamile kukhona i-nystagmus (ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile okungavamile kokunyakaza kwamehlo), i-strabismus. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuzwa kanye nombono kunciphisa, ikhanda nokukhwabanisa kuyaphawulwa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-hydrocephalus ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa.
Lapho ukwelashwa kwe-hydrocephalus wangaphandle ezinganeni, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinza nokwelapha. Ezinganeni ezingakabikho zingekho izimpawu ezicacile ze-hydrocephalus eqhubekayo, kodwa nge-hemorrhages, i-diuretics isetshenziswa kabanzi. Zenzelwe ukwandisa izinga lokubunjwa komchamo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe okuqukethwe oketshezi ezicukwaneni namagundane we-serous. Le ndlela iphumelela kuphela uma ukuphuza utshwala nokubuyiselwa kokumuncwa okuvamile kungenzeka. Ngalo, ungakwazi ukuqinisa ukucindezela okungahambi kahle, kanye nokubaluleka kwama-ventricles kuma-50% weziguli ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kulungile kuphela lapho kungekho khona izimpawu zokunyuka kwengcindezi yokunyuka komzimba futhi umsebenzi osebenza kahle wezinso usebenza kahle.
Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukuphuma kwe-sodium emzimbeni. Lokhu kwandisa i-diuresis futhi kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid.
Ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo kwenziwa okwenziwe ngokujwayelekile komshini wokucindezeleka, ukusebenza kahle kobuchopho. Ngeshwa, lapha
Abazali bezinyane eligulayo kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi ukuchazwa kwe-hydrocephalus kuncike esikhathini sokuxilongwa, imbangela yalesi sifo nokwelashwa okukhethiwe ngokufanele. Izingane eziye zathola ukwelashwa ziyakwazi ukuphila impilo evamile cishe ngaphandle kwemingcele. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kube nokuphulwa komsebenzi wenkulumo. Indlela yokuhlinzwa yokwelashwa ngezinye izikhathi idinga ukuvuselelwa kwe-shunt.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe i-hydrocephalus yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, kunconywa kakhulu ukugwema izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nemithi ethathwa ngumama ozayo, ukwenza i-ultrasound ehleliwe.