Indlela eyisisekelo yokuhlola izifo eziningi ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali egazi . Kukhona imikhawulo emisiwe yalokho okuqukethwe kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-fluid eziphilayo. Ukuthola ukuthi ukuphambuka kwezinkomba zangempela okuvela kumkhuba kusho, udokotela anganquma ukuxilongwa okufanele noma aqondise umuntu ocwaningweni olwengeziwe.
Iyini i-hematocrit?
Le nzuzo ibhekisela eqenjini lezivivinyo zezingxenye zegazi. I-Hematocrit iyinhlanganisela yamaseli abomvu ekubunjweni kwayo, kuye ngokuthi ivolumu ingqikithi. Ngaphansi kwalokho, lolu cwaningo luchazwa njengengozi yazo zonke izingxenye ze-fluid eziphilayo (i- leukocyte , amangqamuzana egazi obomvu namaplatelets ) kuze kube nesamba segazi esitholakalayo. Akukho cishe umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili, ngoba u-99% wevolumu ye-fluid yezinto eziphilayo i-red corpuscles.
Iyini i-hematocrit?
Iziguli eziningi zanoma yimuphi udokotela akakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo imiphumela yocwaningo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani i-hematocrit ibalulekile ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi, ukuthi yikuphi, ukuthi kusho ukuthini nokuthi yini enqunyiwe, ukuthi iphakanyisiwe noma iyancipha, isifundo sokwakheka kanye nemisebenzi yamaseli abomvu ahlanzekile kuzosiza. Emnothweni wamathambo, imizimba ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingu-2,5 ikhiqizwa njalo ngomzuzwana. Zihamba emzimbeni izinsuku ezingaba ngu-120, zinika amangqamuzana, izicubu nezitho ezine-oxygen. Ngemva kokwenza yonke imisebenzi yabo, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abanjwe ama-macrophages.
I-Hematocrit isho ukuhlunga kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Lokhu kungenye yezivivinyo eziyinhloko ekuxilongweni kwe-anemia, kodwa kunezinye izifo ezenza ukuthi ukuphambuka kwalesi sibonakaliso kujwayelekile, ukwehla noma ukwandise inani lamaseli abomvu noma umthamo ophelele we-biological fluid. Kunezifo ezingekho eziyingozi nezibi kakhulu lapho i-hematocrit ephakanyisiwe, okusho ukuthi udokotela ophulukisayo kufanele athole. Ukwenza ucwaningo olucacile, kuzocwaninga olunye ucwaningo.
Iyini i-hematocrit eyenziwe?
Amayunithi anquma ukuhlushwa kwamaseli abomvu ancike endleleni yokubala kwawo. Uma i-hematocrit egazini ihlolwe ngendlela elula, uma kuqhathaniswa nesamba segazi, kungakanani okwandisiwe, kulinganiswa ngamaphesenti (%). Lapho kuqhutshwa isifundo ngokubala kokuhlushwa kwazo zonke izici ezifakwe emzimbeni (lokhu kusho ama-erythrocytes, ama-leukocytes nama-platelets), isibonakaliso esibucayi sibhekwa njengengxenye yesimanga esinqunyiwe kuya kwekhulu. Izinyathelo kulokhu - ilitha ngalinye ilitha (l / l).
Hematocrit - ukuhlolwa kwegazi
Inombolo echazwe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni izifo ezithile ezingathí sina, kuhlanganise nezicubu zomdlavuza, i-anemia, i-hypoxia, i-leukemia nezinye izifo. I-hematocrit ekuhlolweni kwegazi kusho okuningi ukuthola ukuthi iphakanyisiwe noma iyancipha, kubalulekile ukwazi imingcele yamagugu ayo avamile. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ubulili nobudala bomuntu, imvelaphi ye-hormonal yabesifazane.
Hematocrit egazini - evamile
Ukuphakama okukhulu kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kubonakala ebuntwaneni. I-Hematocrit ivamile ezinsana ezisuka ku-44-62%. Kancane kancane, umthamo we-plasma ukwanda, okusho ukuthi inani lamaseli abomvu liyehla (ukulinganisa ngamaphesenti):
- Izinyanga 1-3 - 32-44;
- Izinyanga 4-12 - 36-44;
- 1-10 ubudala - 37-44.
I-Hematocrit iyinhlangano evamile kubantu abadala (%):
- amadoda - 44-48;
- abesifazane - 36-43.
Imingcele ehlukene isethelwe omama esizayo. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, i-fetus isebenzisa igazi lomfazi, okusho ukuthi njengoba ikhula, isidingo sayo samaseli abomvu aphezulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amazinga we-hematocrit kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ahluke kancane kusukela ezingeni:
- i-trimester yokuqala - 33-36%;
- Inyanga 3-6 yokubeletha - cishe ngo-31%;
- isikhathi sokubeletha singama-33%.
I-Hematocrit iphakeme kunejwayelekile, kusho ukuthini?
Ukwenyuka kwamanzi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu kungenzeka ngenxa yezinto eziphilayo (ezingekho eziyingozi) kanye nezifo (ezingathí sina). Uma i-hematocrit yanda, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqhube izifundo ezengeziwe. Inani elikhulu le-erythrocytes lidala ukuqina kwegazi, futhi i-viscosity ngokweqile yamanzi aphilayo angabangela ama-blood clots nokugqoka imithwalo yegazi.
I-Hematocrit yanda - izimbangela
Ukuphambuka okucatshangelwayo ukwakheka kwegazi okuvela kumkhuba akuyona njalo isimo esongela impilo. Ngokumelene nesizathu sezizathu ezithile zomzimba, i-hematocrit iphakanyisiwe, okusho ukuthi:
- I-Hypoxia. Ukuntuleka kwe-oxygen ngezicubu kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yokubhema.
- Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni. Inani le-plasma liyancipha, futhi ubuningi begazi buyanda.
- Hlala endaweni ephakeme. Ukuguquka okubukhali emgodini we-atmospheric kuthinta inani lamaseli abomvu obomvu ku-fluid yemvelo.
- Isikhumba sishisa. Ephakeme indawo ye-epidermis, i-hematocrit ephakeme iphakanyisiwe.
- Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile. Ukunyuka kwama-erythrocyte okuhlushwa kwamabangela izidakamizwa ze-hormonal, ama-antibiotics, ama-diuretics.
Uma inkinga ekhonjisiwe ingenxa yezimbangela ze-pathological, i-hematocrit ephakanyisiwe kusho:
- i-erythremia;
- izinsola zokuphefumula kwezinso;
- ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi;
- i-leukemia;
- i-peritonitis;
- i-hydronephrosis yezinso ;
- i-polycystic;
- ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwamaphalenda;
- izinkinga zenhliziyo;
- ukuvimbela emathunjini;
- i-thrombosis yokuguquka;
- ischemia yenhliziyo.
I-Hematocrit iphakanyisiwe - ukwelashwa
Kunezindlela eziqinile futhi eziyisisekelo zokunciphisa ukuhlushwa kwamaseli abomvu egazini. Esikhathini sokuqala, lapho i-hematocrit iphakanyiswa kakhulu, lokhu kusho ukuthini nokuthi isimo singanconywa kanjani udokotela kuphela. Ukwelashwa yimithi enezidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- I-Hydroxycarbamide;
- Busulfan;
- I-Interferon (ezinyangeni eziphakeme);
- I-Anagrelide;
- i-phosphorus enomsakazo nabanye.
Uma i-hematocrit ingaphezulu kunejwayelekile, ingancishiswa ngezindlela ezincane kakhulu:
- Nciphisa inani lokudla okunensimbi ekudleni.
- Hlanganisa utshwala kanye ne-caffeine, enezakhiwo zokudla.
- Sebenzisa ivolumu yamanzi ahlanzekile.
- Faka phakathi imenyu yansuku zonke yamagilebhisi.
- Yenza umsebenzi womzimba olinganiselayo.
- Yeka ukubhema.