Isidakamizwa seDexamethasone, emakhululini akhiqizwayo, i-analogue yokwenziwa kwamahomoni, ahlanganiswa ne-cortex e-adrenal. Uhlu lwezifo nezifo lapho isisetshenziswa sisetshenziswa khona. Isilinganiso, imvamisa kanye nobude bokuphatha buxhomeke kuhlobo lwe-pathology, iminyaka yesiguli nesigaba sesifo.
Iyini inhloso kaDexamethasone ngama-ampoules?
Isidakamizwa kuleli fomu, odokotela basebenzisa uma kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokugcwalisa ukuhlushwa kwe-hormone egazini. Ingcweti kuphela engakwazi ukumisela uDexamethasone, izinkomba zokusebenzisa okulandelayo:
- Ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso se-endocrine: ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-cortex eyingozi ye-acute hlobo, izinhlobo eziyisisekelo nezesekondari zokungasebenzi, i-hyperplasia yokuzalwa yangempela ye-cortex e-adrenal, i-thyroiditis ngendlela elula.
- Izimo ezithuthumayo zomzimba - ukushisa, ukuhlukumezeka, ukufaka ushevu emzimbeni (ngaphandle kokungasebenzi kahle kwezidakamizwa ze-vasoconstrictor, ama-substitute ama-plasma)
- I-Edema yobuchopho njengomphumela wesifo, i-TBI, ukuhlinzwa, ukulimaza, i-meningitis.
- Isimo se-Asthmatic - isikhala esibhekwayo se-bronchi, i-bronchitis engavamile .
- Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Anaphylactic .
- I- dermatosis elula .
- Izifo ezimbi: ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia, i-lymphoma.
- Izifo zegazi - i-hemolytic ithi, i-agranulocytosis. Ngokuvamile wasebenzisa i-Dexamethasone yokuphakamisa i- leukocyte .
I-Dexamethasone ekuHlweni kokukhulelwa
Ngokuvamile, lesi sidakamizwa singatholakala ohlwini lwabaqashi kumama abalindele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abesifazane ngokwabo banesithakazelo odokotela, okuyinto abayala uDexamethasone ekuhleleni kokukhulelwa. Umgomo oyinhloko ophishelwa odokotela yiwona wokwelashwa kwe-hyperadromia. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo kuma-hormone wesilisa wesilisa egazini lomfazi. Lokhu kwephulwa kuvimbela ukuqala kokukhulelwe, futhi lapho kwenzeka - ingozi yokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ukuphazanyiswa kokukhulelwa ngesikhathi esifushane kwanda.
I-Dexamethasone ekukhulelweni
Ezimweni eziningi futhi ngemuva kokuqala kokukhulelwa, abesifazane bayaqhubeka bethatha iDexamethasone ngamabuloule, kodwa ngesilinganiso esincane. Odokotela baxwayisa umzimba ngokumelene nokukhipha isisu okuzenzakalelayo ngokulandelana kwemvelo yokukhula kwe-androgens. Nokho, i-Dexamethasone yabesifazane abakhulelwe ingabuyekezwa ezinye izifo:
- Ingozi enkulu yokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi - isidakamizwa sinomthelela ekuvuthweni kokuqala kwemaphaphu wengane, okwenza ukuba ingane iphile kahle.
- Ukuba khona emndenini womama wezihlobo ezinokuhlukunyezwa okuzalwa - ukungabi namabhomu ama-cortex adrenal.
- Ngokukhululekile, ukukhulelwa okusongela ukuphila: ukubhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu, ukushaqeka, izifo ezithathelanayo, izifo ze-rheumatic.
I-Dexamethasone yezingane
Isidakamizwa seDexamethasone singabuye sinikezwe ukwelashwa kwezingane - zomabili izinsana nezingane ezindala. Ukukhethwa kwesilinganiso, ubude kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwenziwa ngabanye. Phakathi kokuphulwa okungenzeka, lapho iDexamethasone ingasetshenziswa khona kubantwana, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa:
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-anaphylactic;
- i-edema ye-cerebral ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa, i-meningitis, i-tumor;
- umsebenzi okwanele we-cortex ene-adrenal;
- ubuthi, ushise ukushaqeka;
- Isifo sikaCrohn ;
- i-ulcerative colitis;
- i-glomerulonephritis;
- i-hemolytic anemia;
- i-leukemia.
I-Dexamethasone - ukungqinelani kokusetshenziswa
I-Dexamethasone ema-ampoules ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunezinkinga eziningi nezifo lapho umuthi ongavunyelwe khona ukusetshenziswa. Njengoba kunikezwe lesi sici, akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa i-Dexamethasone yezidakamizwa ngokuzimela, ukuphikisana nokusetshenziswa okulandelayo:
- ukucindezela kumakhemikhali ngamunye;
- izifo zesimungwane zesimungulu;
- izifo ze-amoebic;
- izinqubo ezithathelwanayo ezinhlangothini nasezungeze izicubu ezihlangene;
- isifo sofuba ngesimo esisebenzayo;
- isikhathi esandulele ukusungulwa kwemigomo yokuvimbela, futhi emva kokuqaliswa kwazo;
- i-glaucoma;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo zamehlo.
Imiphumela ye-Dexamethasone
Ngokusebenzisa kahle i-Dexamethasone yezidakamizwa, imiphumela emibi ayivamile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukubukeka kwabo kungenxa yokunganakwa kwezincomo zesidakamizwa noma ukusetshenziswa okuzimele kwemithi. Ama-injection kaDexamethasone, ukusetshenziswa okuzoxoxwa ngezansi, ngokuvamile kuvusa imiphumela emibi yalolu hlobo olulandelayo:
- Ngokwengxenye yesimiso se-endocrine - uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela steroid, ukunciphisa amandla okugcoba umzimba, ukunciphisa umsebenzi we-adrenal, i-Itenko-Cushing syndrome, ukubambezeleka ekufikeni kwentsha ebusheni.
- Esikhathini senqubo yokugaya ukudla - isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isisu sesisu esiswini, ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, ukuphuma kwamathumbu emathunjini, ukwehla noma ukukhula kwesifiso, ukunyakaza, ukuguqulwa kwamathambo.
- Kusukela ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo - i-arrhythmia, i-bradycardia, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi, i-hypercoagulable (ukwanda kwegazi).
- Uhlelo lwezinzwa - ukudikibalazeka, ukujabula, ukucubungula, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukunyuka kwengcindezi, ukungena, ukukhathazeka, ukulala, isiyezi.
- Kuyingxenye yesistimu ye-musculoskeletal - ukwehla kwezinqubo zokukhula nezokuthutha, i-myalgia, i-muscle spasm, ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala.
Isicelo seDexamethasone
Ukunika iziguli uDexamethasone ngama-ampoules, indlela yokuphatha (isingeniso) semithi udokotela uthola, ngokusho komgomo. Lokhu kucabangela ijubane elidingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokwelapha. Umthamo wokulinganisa ungumuntu ngamunye futhi uncike esimweni sesiguli kanye nempendulo kulelo lwazi oluqhubekayo. Isidakamizwa singafakwa nge-intramuscularly, intravenously drip and jet. Kungenzeka futhi ukuphathwa kwendawo kwesidakamizwa emfundweni yezemvelo. Abagijimi bangasebenzisa i-Dexamethasone ukuze bathole isisindo.
I-Dexamethasone i-intramuscularly
Isidakamizwa sisetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nemigomo yezokwelapha. Emisipha, i-Dexamethasone yomjovo ijojowe kancane kancane, ngaphezu kobude bezinaliti. Isilinganiso siboniswa udokotela futhi sibalwa ngabanye. Isidakamizwa singenziwa ngo 4-20 mg 3-4 izikhathi ngosuku. Isilinganiso esisodwa esiphezulu sabadala singaba ngu-80 mg. Njengoba ukwelashwa isikhathi eside ukugcina umphumela uphumelele, lo muthi ulawulwa ngendlela encane - 0.2-9 mg. Ubude benkambo yokwelashwa ngokuvamile luyizinsuku ezingu-3-4, emva kwalokho umuthi uyaqhubeka ukuthathwa ngomlomo.
Dexamethasone - Dropper
Ngokungahambi kahle, lesi sidakamizwa sibhekene nezifo ezinzima ezidinga ukwelashwa. Ukuze silungise isisombululo sokudonsa, isisombululo se-isotonic sodium chloride noma isixazululo esingu-5% se-dextrose sisetshenziswa. Ngokuqokwa kukaDexamethasone yezidakamizwa, umthamo ukhethwe ngamunye. Emanzini amakhulu, lesi sidakamizwa senziwa kuphela kuze kube yilapho isimo sesiguli sigxilile. Lokhu kuthatha amahora angu-48-72. Umthamo owodwa weDexamethasone ema-ampoules ungafinyelela ku-20 mg futhi ungaqondiswa izikhathi ezingu-4 ngosuku. Isidakamizwa sishaya kancane kancane.
I-Dexamethasone ye-inhalation
Ngalesi sizathu, lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziswe ku-bronchospasm eqinile. Okuqukethwe kwe-1 ampoule kaDexamethasone kuchitheka ngo-20-30 ml yesisombululo sokuphila. Ingxube elandelwayo ithululelwa ku-inhaler bese isetshenziselwa inqubo. Isikhathi sokuxhaphaza okulodwa akumele kudlule imizuzu engu-10. Inombolo yezinqubo ngosuku kanye nobude benkambo yokwelapha okunjalo isungulwa udokotela, okucabangela uhlobo lwesifo, isiteji salo, ubukhulu besithombe somtholampilo, ukutholakala noma ukungabikho kwezimpawu ezengeziwe.
Kuphi ukugcina u-dexamethasone ngama-ampoules?
Ngokweziqondiso eziza nale kit, isixazululo seDexamethasone kufanele sigcinwe ekushiseni okungenani + ama-degree angu -25. Kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo emnyama, engenakufinyeleleka kuyo. Ukuphila kwesilfomu kwendlela yokujoza yomuthi kungu-5 iminyaka. Ngemva kokuvula iphakheji, isidakamizwa ezibhebheni kanye ne-potassium iso kumele zisetshenziswe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-28. Ama-ampoules angagcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenhla kuze kube usuku oluboniswe emphakathini wezokwelapha.
I-Dexamethasone - ama-analogs ku-ampoules
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-reactionergic reaction, ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ngenxa yemiphumela emibi, imithi efanayo ingabekwa. Eziningi zazo ziqukethe i-dexamethasone efanayo, kodwa izingxenye ezisizayo zihlukile. Iziguli ezingafanelanga i-dexamethasone, ama-analogi angahle anqunywe okulandelayo:
- Dexamed;
- I-Megadexan;
- I-Dexazone;
- I-Maxidex;
- I-Dexapos.
Njengendlela ehlukile ingasetshenziswa izidakamizwa zeqembu le-glucocorticoids:
- I-Hydrocortisone;
- Budesonide;
- I-Mometasone.