Isifo esinjalo njenge-autism, ebantwaneni, ihlale ivela ngaphambi kokukhishwa kweminyaka emithathu ubudala. Kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ukusola ukuba khona kwalesi sifo ebuntwaneni, kodwa lokhu akukwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kwenziwe. Izizathu zokuthi kungani izingane zizalwa nge-autism namanje aziqondi kahle. Izinkolelo eziningi abanye odokotela abaye baziphakamisela azizange ziqinisekiswe ngenxa yezilingo ezihlukahlukene zokwelashwa.
Ukubeletha okuvamile kakhulu kwengane enalesi sifo esibucayi kuchazwa yizinto eziphilayo eziphathelene nezakhi zofuzo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ingane ye-autistic ingazalwa ngisho naphakathi kwabazali abaphilile ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, umntwana ogulayo uzalwa ngenxa yokukhulelwa okungathandeki noma akalimele ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela indlela yokunquma i-autism enganeni, nokuthi ngabe lesi sifo singelashwa.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Autism kwezingane
Ukunquma lesi sifo emntwaneni osanda kuzalwa kungaba nzima kakhulu. Awekho ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha kanye nezifundo, noma ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-autism ezinganeni. Ukuthola iziphetho mayelana nokuba khona kwamaphutha athile ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo kwengane kungenzeka kuphela ekuqapheliseni kokuziphatha kwakhe nokuxhumana nabantu abakuzungezile.
Ukuze unqume lesi sifo emntwaneni, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlolisise ngokuphelele izici zayo zokuziphatha. Njengomthetho, phambi kwe-autism ezinganeni, izimpawu eziningana zilandelayo zigcinwa ngesikhathi esisodwa:
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo nokukhulumisana okungeyona inkulumo kuphukile, ikakhulukazi:
- ayikho imizimba kanye nesimo sobuso obusebenzayo, kwezinye izimo ngisho nenkulumo;
- ingane izama ukungaboni emehlweni e-interlocutor, ayitholi neze ukumomotheka ngokubuya;
- ingane ayikwazi ukuxhumana nezinye izingane;
- evame ukuphindaphinda imishwana ezwiwe, engayibhekisi ngalesi simo;
- enkulumweni yengane kunezinkinga nge-intonation noma isigqi, i-monotony eyedlulele.
Ukuphulwa kokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono omphakathi, okungukuthi:
- akukho isifiso sokuxhumana nokuba abangane nabangane;
- ingane inganaki ngokuphelele imizwa, isimo kanye nokukhona kwabanye abantu, kuhlanganise nabazali;
- akaboni isidingo sokuxoxa ngezinkinga zakhe nomuntu;
- ngokuvamile akalingisi abanye abantu, akaphindaphindi ukunyakaza okufanisayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa komcabango kuphazanyiswa, uhla olulinganiselwe lwezintshisekelo luvela. Ingavela kanje:
- ukufutheka, ukwesaba, okungokwemvelo, ukuziphatha okuhlukanisiwe;
- ingane ayinaso ushintsho olubucayi emvelweni. Uma uhamba noma ezinye izimo ezifanayo, ama-hysteric angase aqale;
- isikhathi esiningi ingane idlala nayo, kuzo zonke izimo zikhetha ukuhlala kwedwa;
- Akaphuzi, akasungula, futhi akabonisi isithakazelo ezenzakalweni ezicatshangwa ngumuntu;
- okunamathele kakhulu esihlokweni esithile, kufaka phakathi nesifiso esingenakuphikiswa sokuyibeka ezandleni zakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi;
- njalo kugxila ezintweni ezilodwa kuphela;
- ngokuvamile uzizwa ethanda ukuphindaphinda izinyathelo ezifanayo kaningi.
Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zibonakaliso zibonakala zisencane, kuze kube yilapho ingane ineminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Njengomthetho, esimweni esinjalo, ingane itholakala ukuthi ikhona " nge- autism yase- Kanner yobuntwana ", kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo ze-autism ezinganeni, njengokuthi:
- I-Aspenger syndrome wuhlobo lokugula lapho inkulumo nengqondo zigcinwa khona kakhulu. Njengomthetho, abazali kuphela kanye nezihlobo eziseduze ziyazi ngokugula kwalabo bantwana.
Ukuzungezile kusukela ohlangothini akuboni noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwesifo; - I-Rett syndrome wuhlobo lwe-autism oluhlala lugijima kanzima futhi luholela ekukhubazekeni noma ekufeni okungazelelwe. Kwenzeka kuphela kumantombazane futhi akukho ndlela ebonisa okungenani izinyanga ezingu-18.
Ingabe i-autism ezinganeni ziphathwa?
Ngeshwa, lesi sifo asikaze siphulukiswe ezinganeni ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala zokugula zitholakala, odokotela bathatha isenzo futhi bavame ukufezekisa ukulingana okubonakalayo kwengane yomntwana. Kwezinye izimo, ngenkambo encane ye-autism, ingane iqala ukusebenzisana ngempumelelo nabanye futhi ifinyelela khona ngokujwayelekile.