I-HIV yi-subspecies okuthiwa i-immunodeficiency syndrome. Njengamanje, inani labesifazane abanesandulela ngculaza lokubeletha likhula kakhulu. Lesi sifo kaningi sivele singabonakali, noma sididekile ngokubandayo. Ngokuvamile, umama wesikhathi esizayo uzothola ngokugula kwakhe, enikeza ukubonisana kwabesifazane ngokuhlola okuhloswe nge-HIV. Lezindaba, empeleni, iqhube phansi phansi ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho. Kukhona ukwesaba okukhulu: ngabe ngabe ingane izongenwa yini, ngabe ngeke ihlale yincandane, ukuthi abanye bayothini. Kodwa-ke, ukuziphatha okulungile kowesifazane okhulelwe, kanye nezentuthuko zakamuva zemithi, kwenza kube lula ukuvimbela ingane ukuthi ingenwa yiyo umama.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV kubesifazane abakhulelwe
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kwabesifazane kuleso simo kwenziwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 zesikhathi sonke sokukhulelwa. Ukunikeza lokhu kuhlaziywa kuyadingeka kuwo wonke umama wesikhathi esizayo. Ekuqaleni ukuxilongwa kwenziwa, amathuba amaningi okuzalwa kwengane enempilo.
Ngokuvamile, abesifazane banikwa i-immunoassay ye-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Igazi lisuswa emthonjeni, kuyi-serum lapho izifo zokulwa nokutheleleka kutholakala khona. Lolu cwaningo lunganikeza imiphumela emibi namanga emibi. I-HIV enamaqiniso ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwenzeka kubantu besifazane abanomlando wezifo ezingapheliyo. Umphumela omubi wamanga we-immunoassay kungenzeka ngokutheleleka kwamuva, lapho umzimba ungakabi namagciwane okulwa ne-HIV.
Kodwa uma ukuhlaziywa kowesifazane wesandulela ngculazi kulungile ekukhulelweni, kwenziwa ucwaningo oluthe xaxa ukuze kucaciswe izinga lokulimala komzimba kanye nesimo sesifo.
Ukukhulelwa nokutheleleka nge-HIV
Ukwelashwa kwengane kumama othelelekile kungenzeka ku-20-40% uma kungekho imithi. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokudluliselwa kwe-HIV:
- Nge-placenta ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma limele noma livuliwe, umsebenzi wokuzivikela we-placenta awunzima.
- Inqubo evamile yokudluliselwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngesikhatsi edlula emgodini wokuzalwa womama. Ngalesi sikhathi, umntwana osanda kuzalwa angathintana negazi lomama noma ukuvinjelwa kwesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye ye-cearean ayiyona into eqinisekisiwe yokuzalwa kwengane enempilo.
- Ubisi lwebele ngemva kokubeletha. Umama otheleleke ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuzodingeka anqabe ukubeletha.
Kunezici ezandisa amathuba okudlulisela i-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwengane. Lokhu kufaka izinga eliphakeme legciwane egazini (uma lihlolelwe ngaphambi nje kokukhulelwa, isigaba esinzima sesifo), ukubhema, izidakamizwa, izenzo zesondo ezingavinjelwe, kanye nesimo se-fetus ngokwayo (ukungavali kwesistimu yomzimba).
Ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwabesifazane abakhulelwe akuthinti umphumela wokukhulelwa ngokwawo. Noma kunjalo izinkinga zingenzeka esimweni esibi kakhulu sesifo - i-AIDS, futhi ukukhulelwa kungabangela ukubeletha, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwamangqamuzana nokuphuma kwe-amniotic fluid. Ngokuvamile ingane izalwa ngesisindo esiphansi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV ekukhulelwe
Uma kutholakala i-HIV, abesifazane abakhulelwe banqunywe ukwelashwa, kodwa hhayi ukuthuthukisa isimo sowesifazane, kodwa ukunciphisa amathuba okutheleleka kwe-fetus. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-semester yesibili, enye yezidakamizwa ezibekelwe omama esikhathini esizayo yi-zidovudine noma i-azidothymidine. Isidakamizwa sithathwa sonke isikhathi sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi sokubeletha kubandakanya. Isidakamizwa esifanayo sinikezwa nosana ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila kwakhe, kodwa ngesimo sesiraphu. Isigaba se-Caesarea sizonciphisa amathuba okudluliswa kwe-HIV ngezikhathi ezimbili. Ngokulethwa kwemvelo, odokotela bagwema ukushaywa kwe-perineum noma ukukhishwa kwesikhumba, futhi umsele wokuzalwa wesifazane uhlale uphathwa ngama-disinfectants. I-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa akusengumusho. Kodwa-ke, umama ozayo kumele athathe umthwalo wokumisela odokotela ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwengane.