Ukulinda umntwana kuyinkathi ejabulisayo nenjabulo yokuphila. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kubhekene nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ekubelethweni, isikhathi sokuqala noma se-postpartum. Izinguquko ezihlukahlukene esimweni sempilo yengane ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi i-perinatal pathology of the newborns. Futhi, lo mqondo uhlanganisa ukubeletha kwangaphambi kokubeletha nokubeletha - okungukuthi, izifunda ezakhiwe esibelethweni noma emva kokuzalwa, ngokulandelana. Izifo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi zizalwa.
Izifo ezibangelwa yi-Congenital
Izifo ezingama-congenital yiqembu elikhulu lamathambo wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nezingane ezisebekhulile, ezibonakaliswa ngokubaluleka kokuthuthukiswa nokusebenza kwezitho nezinhlelo.
Izifo ezihlukahlukene zokuzalwa zingenza baziwayo ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokuphila kwengane: bangazibonakalisa emaminithini okuqala ngemva kokuzalwa noma emva kweminyaka.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa zihlanganisa iningi lezakhi zofuzo kanye nezakhi zofuzo:
- isifo somsindo sekati;
- i-Patau syndrome;
- phenylketonuria ;
- izinkinga ze-cardiovascular system - ikakhulukazi okuthiwa "amaphutha e-blue", lapho kukhona ukuphuma kwegazi kusukela enkulu kuya embuthaneni omncane wegazi lokujikeleza nge-overload of circle circle kanye nokubonakala kwe-cyanosis.
Futhi, ukungahleleki kokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu ye-musculoskelet kuyabonakala ngokushesha: ukuguqulwa kwamasipha kanye nemisipha, amajoyini namadivaysi e-ligamentous. Eyaziwa ngokukhethekile yi-clubfoot, kokubili kokubeletha nangenxa ye- dysplasia yamalungu e-hip . I-Dysplasia ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kuyisenzakalo esivamile, njengoba amathambo omntwana ahamba kahle futhi ahamba kakhulu, futhi amalunga angakakulungeli ukwenza yonke imisebenzi yawo.
Kusukela ekuguleni kwezinzimba zangaphakathi, izingane zivame ukuvinjelwa emathunjini omzimba, ngokuvamile ezihlotshaniswa nokungaqali kwezindonga zamathumbu emathunjini emathunjini, kanye nokugxilwa kwesigaba sokugcina samathumbu amancane kuze kube sendaweni yokuguquka kwawo: ingxenye yamathumbu amancane nge-sphincter ebuthakathaka igxiliwe ku-sphincter enamandla futhi igxotshwe yi-sphincter muscle ring , kubangela ukuvinjelwa.
Zonke izifo zokubeletha ezinganeni ezitholwa yi-neonatologists futhi ziphathwa ezikhungweni zezingane ezikhethekile, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-pathology kanye nesikhathi sokutholakala kwalo.