Ekuphileni kwawo wonke umuntu, indima enkulu idlala ngumndeni nomshado, futhi isehlukaniso angeke ibe yindlela yokuguqula impilo yakho siqu, kodwa futhi ibangele izinguquko esimweni sakho senhlalakahle. Ngokuphambene nezinkolelo ezikhona, cishe njalo isahlukaniso - isahlukaniso, sibonakaliswa kabi kuzo zonke izici zokuphila. Futhi, noma kunjalo, izibalo zemishado nokuhlukanisa zifakazela ukuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye yemishado ihlukanisa, ingabi khona iminyaka eyishumi. Izazi zezenhlalakahle nezokusebenza kwengqondo ziye zazama ukuthola izizathu eziyinhloko zalesi senzakalo, ngosizo lwemininingwane yezibalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi ezishadile, kodwa njengoba ukuhlola izibalo emishado kanye nokuhlukanisa kubonisiwe, imiphumela ayikwazi ukubhekwa ngokungenakuqhathaniswa, futhi ngokuvamile iphikisana neqiniso. Ngezizathu eziningana, umshado noma isehlukaniso akusiyo yonke into eyenziwe, okuphazamisa izibalo.
Izibalo zomshado nezesehlukaniso
Eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezinkinga zomnotho, kuye kwaba nomkhuba wokunciphisa inani lehlukaniso. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu kufanele kufakazele ukuqiniswa kwesakhiwo somndeni, kodwa izazi zezenhlalo zichaza izizathu ezihluke kakhulu. Ukuwohloka kwesimo somzimba sezakhamuzi eziningi kubenza kube yizimbangi zokuhlala ndawonye, kubonakala futhi ukuthi izinkinga zezindlu zidlala indima ebalulekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi ngaphambi kwenkinga, imishado kanye nokuhlukanisa eRussia kunciphile kakhulu, ngaphezu kwezinkinga zempahla, kunenkinga yemvelo. Ngokwenani lehlukaniso, iRussia ibanga kuqala, eyesibili - iBelarus, ne-Ukraine ithatha indawo yesithathu. Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu athuthukile, inani lemishado kanye nehlukaniso lihluke kakhulu. Isibonelo, iSweden ineminyaka engu-15 kuphela kwenani lehlukaniso, elinamadoda angama-50% nabesifazane abangu-40% abangashadile.
Izibalo zemishado kanye nokuhlukanisa e-Ukraine kubonisa ukuhlukumeza kwesimo sezomnotho, inani lehlukaniso linciphile, kanti inani labantu lalingenelisekile ngobuhlobo bomndeni landa. Idatha yesitatimende nayo ithinteka ngokusakazeka kwemishado yabantu, engabhaliswa ngokomthetho.
Ukuhlukaniswa emshadweni womphakathi
Ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, imibhangqwana eminingi eshadile ikhetha umshado womphakathi. Ukushada nokuqhafaza ngaphandle kokubhalisa kulula kakhulu ngezizathu eziningi. Ukuqedwa komshado kunzima kakhulu kunokwesahlukaniso emshadweni womphakathi, hhayi nje ngenxa yezizathu ezibonakalayo, kodwa nangenxa yokuma komphakathi emphakathini, njengemibuthano ethile isimo somshado sithinta idumela.
Abaningi bakhetha umshado womphakathi ngemuva kokuhlukanisa ngokomthetho, ezama ukugwema ukuphinda amaphutha odlule. Ngokufanayo, ubudlelwane abubhalisi ngenxa yokungafuni ukuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo, ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kumlingani noma ngenxa yokungabi nakwezimali kwezezimali. Isimo sezomnotho kuleli zwe yisici esibalulekile esithinta ukwanda
Emthethweni we-Ukraine neRussia ayikho into enjengomshado womphakathi. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, i-Article 74 ye-Code Criminal inikeza ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla ekuqedeni komshado womphakathi. Ingxenye 2 ye-Art. I-UK ibonisa ukungabi namalungelo nezibopho phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane, uma umshado ungabhaliswe ngokomthetho. Ngakho-ke, inkinga yokuhlukaniswa kwempahla ixazululwa enkantolo, futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe ivumela umnini osemthethweni wendawo. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isehlukaniso phakathi komshado wesibambiso akuzange kubangele izinkinga, udinga ukubhalisa ubunikazi obambene be-estate kanye neminye impahla.
Umshado emva kokuhlukanisa
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukushada kabusha kufanele kube namandla kunekudlule, ngenxa yalokho okwenziwe. Kodwa izibalo zemishado kanye nokuhlukanisa zifakazela emishadweni ehlukile-ephindaphindiwe ephuka kaningi. Ngokuvamile okuhlangenwe nakho okungalungile komshado wokuqala nehlukaniso kuboniswa ngomshado wesibili. Uma ukhuluma nje, lapho ubhekana nenkinga ebuhlotsheni, kulindeleke ukuphindaphinda izinkinga ezifanayo nomlingani omusha. Isibonelo, uma isahlukaniso sithengisa umlingani, indoda ekhohlisiwe iyoba nomhawu ongenangqondo emshadweni nomunye wesifazane, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungabangela izingxabano nokungathembani komunye nomunye. Futhi, isizathu sokungaqiniseki kwemishado ephindaphindiwe isinqumo esisheshayo, lapho abalingani bengaguquki ngenxa yokwabelana okungokomoya, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi bafuna ukuqeda isizungu esasuka ngemva kokuhlukanisa.
Ngokwezibalo, abesifazane bayashada ngemva kokuhlukanisa kunzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emva kweminyaka engu-50. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amadoda alo mdala ngokuvamile adala umndeni omusha, futhi ashade nabesifazane abasebasha.
Umthetho wezomthetho womshado nesahlukaniso
Emthethweni wanoma yiliphi izwe kunekhodi yomndeni edingekayo ukuvikela ubudlelwane bomndeni, kanye nokulawula izindaba eziphathelene namalungelo nemisebenzi yomshado ngokuphathelene nomunye nomntwana. Inkinga enkulu ekuhlukaniseni yikuhlukaniswa kwempahla kanye nencazelo yezibopho kubantwana nabantwana abakhubazekile.
Uma impahla ihlukaniswe, kunezici eziningi ezicatshangelwayo, kodwa kuphela impahla etholakalayo emshadweni ohlangene ihambisana nesigaba. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi uma ubuhlobo buqedwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqedwa komshado, yonke impahla ezuzwe ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa nayo ibhekwa njengokubambisana, futhi ingahlukaniswa phakathi kwabashadile. Uma isikhathi sokunciphisa izenzo sithathwe kusukela ngosuku lokuqedwa komshado (njengombuso, iminyaka emithathu), ilungelo lokuhlukanisa impahla likhanseliwe. Ngakho-ke, uma isahlukaniso singakwazi ukuhlehliswa umthethonqubo wezinkinga zomthetho, futhi ngokushesha uthumele izitatimende ezidingekayo ukuxazulula izinkinga eziphikisanayo.
Isitifiketi somshado emva kwesahlukaniso singasiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlobene nokushintsha igama, ukubhaliswa endaweni yokuhlala nasezinye izimo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina isitifiketi noma ikhophi, kanye nazo zonke izinqumo zenkantolo.
Lapho ufaka isicelo sokuhlukanisa, ngokuvamile, abashadile banikezwa isikhathi sokwenza isinqumo sokugcina. Kodwa kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile abashadile baqhubeka nomshado wabo, isehlukaniso sinquma
Esikhathini sethu, ukubhalisa umshado nokuhlukanisa kulula kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kugwemezela ukuhlupheka ngenxa yobuhlobo bomndeni obungenelisekile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthinta kabi umthwalo wemfanelo lapho ukhetha umlingani futhi ngokuvamile kuholela ekuhlukunyezweni kwengqondo kanzima kuphela kwabashadile, kodwa nakubantwana abazalwa emshadweni ongajabuli. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi umgomo wobudlelwane obunzima isifiso sokuphila okujabulisayo othandweni nokuvumelana, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba sibhekane nendaba yokudala umndeni ngokuthembeka, eholwa imizwa ejulile nenhlonipho phakathi kwabalingani.