Ngaphambi kokudweba, ukuguqa udonga noma ukumhlophe, kunesidingo sokwenyuka ukuphakama noma izindonga. Lapha, abantu banezinketho ezimbili: ukusebenzisa ibhodi ye-gypsum noma ukuphendulela kumakhelwane amaningi wendabuko. Okukhethwa kukho kokuqala kufakwe ngokushesha kakhulu futhi kunenzuzo enzima endabeni yokwakha izicucu, izingqimba kanye nokufakwe kwezinga eliphezulu . Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-drywall inciphisa kakhulu ivolumu ekamelweni, isaba ukwethuka futhi inomsebenzi wesikhashana. Yini engingayisho nge-plaster? Le ndlela, nakuba kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukufaka, kodwa iyosebenza kuze kube phakade.
Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-plaster ezinikezwayo, kodwa ama-plaster ahlala eshibhile kakhulu futhi asasazeka. Kuyinto ingxube ye-powder, isici esibophayo esingamakhemikhali. Izingxube ezisekelwe ngesimiso ziyasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindawo zokulungiswa, ngoba intengo yabo yentengo iphansi izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kunezinto ezifanayo.
Ingxube ye-cement ye-plaster
Kuye ngokuthi izilinganiso ezisetshenziswe ku-plaster kanye nezingxenye zenhlanganisela zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- Umxube we-sement-sand for plaster. Isithako esiyinhloko yisesihlabathi. Efanelekile ukulinganisa izindonga zangaphakathi kanye nama-facades, ukuhoxiswa kwendawo kuze kube yilapho. Akufanelekile ekamelweni elinomswakama ophezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-samente lapha kuncane, inani le-1: 5 ligcinwa, okungukuthi, isilinganiso esifanayo nendawo yokuqashwa. Umehluko kuphela ukuhambisana kokubunjwa kufanele kube lula.
- I-plaster yamakhemikhali. Ingxenye eyinhloko yi-lime. Ukulinganiswa kokumiswa kunendlela elandelayo: i-20 kg ye-lime, i-280 kg yesihlabathi, i-50 l yamanzi, i-25 kg yamasenti. Lesi sisombululo sisetshenziswe emakamelweni anomswakama ophezulu (amagaraji, amakhishi, ama-cellars, izindlu zangasese), njengoba i-plaster ingalahlekelwa impahla yayo futhi ingaphuthi. I-plaster yamakhemikhali ne-mix mix of lime ifanele ukuqeda ama-cornices, izinsizi nezinye izindawo lapho umquba osetsheni unamathele kancane odongeni.
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-plaster yizona ezivame ukusetshenziselwa umhlobiso wokuqala odongeni endlini. Amanye ama-analogues (i-gypsum, i-acrylic, abicah i-plaster) inenani eliphakeme futhi alinikezi izinkomba zokubambelela ezidingekayo. Zifanele kakhulu ukuhlobisa nokuqedela imisebenzi.
I-plaster yamadonga nge-samente yamatshe: imithetho
Ukwakhiwa okusekelwe kumakhemikhali kunezici zayo ezifanele, kepha kubonakala kuphela uma izimo zomsebenzi zigcinwa ngokucophelela. Ngakho-ke, inhlanganisela yesihlabathi kumele ibe ne-granularity encane, kungenjalo indawo ezoba yinto ebonakalayo yokuguquka, futhi uma amanzi eningi engeziwe esixazululweni, ikhwalithi ye-shrinkage kanye nezinga lokunamathela odongeni lizohlaselwa. Ochwepheshe bathola izici eziningana ezithinta ikhwalithi yokupaka:
- Emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nesimo sezulu esimanzi, akusikhuthazwa ukuba usebenze ngxube;
- Kule mihlahlandlela kunconywa ukuthi wengeze ama-gramu angu-10 we-shampoo ku-10 amalitha enhlanganisela (ukuphahla kuzosuswa);
- Gwema izinguquko ebukhulu bezingqimba odongeni olulodwa;
- ukuxoxwa okwesibili kufanele kwenziwe ngesilinganiso esifanayo njengokuqala, ngaphandle kwalokho amalunga azobonakala futhi ukuqhuma kuzovela;
- i-cement yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kumele isinde, ukuthi wonke umoya owedlule uphume;
- ngenxa yokuqukethwe okunamakhemikhali okuningi, ungqimba ongaphezulu lungaphazamisa ukukhishwa.
Ochwepheshe bathi izikwele ezinkulu kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imishini yokusika. Bazohlinzeka ngohlaka olulodwa lwe-plaster kuzo zonke izindonga uma kuqhathaniswa nekwandisa umkhiqizo wesicelo ngezikhathi ezingu-5. Ukuqapha okukhethekile kumele kuhokhwe kumakhementi we-samente endaweni yokugezela. Khumbula ukuthi umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokubeka ithreyili ungaqala amaviki amathathu emva kokusebenza kokugcina kwenhlanganisela. Kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi ukuqinisa ngokugcwele.
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