Indlela kaMaria Montessori ingenye yezindlela ezithandwa kakhulu futhi eziphumelelayo zokuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko. Ebizwa ngemuva komdali wayo, uthisha nodokotela wezesayensi yezokwelapha, lolu hlelo lokuqeqesha lwaqala ukusebenza ngo-1906 futhi luye lwasetshenziswa kakhulu kulo lonke izwe, okuvumela imiphumela emangalisayo.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zendlela yeMontessori
Le ndlela isekelwe ku-axiom ukuthi yonke ingane ihlukile futhi idinga indlela ekhethekile emfundweni nasekuqeqesheni. Uhlelo lokuqeqesha luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: uthisha, ingane kanye nemvelo. Isekelwe ezimisweni ezintathu eziyisisekelo:
- inkululeko enkulu yengane, ukukhetha izindlela kanye namazinga okuthuthukiswa nokufunda;
- ukudala uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa ngabanye;
- ukungenelela okuncane komfundisi kanye nokuntula kolawulo lwendabuko oluvamile mayelana nemiphumela yokufunda.
Isigaba seMontessori sibonakala kanjani?
Ukuze uthuthukise futhi ufundise ingane eMontessori, udinga ukuhlela isikhala esiseduze ngendlela ekhethekile. Iklasi lapho amakilasi akhona khona lihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziyisihlanu ezithintekayo, okuzo zonke izigcawu ezihambisana nazo:
- Indawo yokuphila kwangempela . Lapha ingane ifunda ukujwayela ukwenza izinto ezizoyisebenzisa ekuphileni - ukugeza, ukugqoka izingubo zokugqoka, ukusika imifino, ukuhlanza, ukuhlanza izicathulo, ukuhlanganisa izinkinobho kanye nezinkinobho ze-buttoning. Ukuqeqesha akuyona into engafanele, ngendlela edlala ukudlala.
- Indawo yokuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa nezithuthuthu . Iqoqa izinto zokwenza izinto, ezihloswe ukufundisa ingane ukuba ihlukanise imidwebo ehlukahlukene, izinto ezibonakalayo, imibala nemibala. Ngokufanayo, umbono, ukuzwa, inkumbulo, ukunakekelwa kanye namakhono amakhono emoto kuzokhula.
- Isizinda semathemikhali sihlanganisa izinto, lapho umntwana efunda khona umqondo wokulingana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekubeni kule ndawo, uthuthukisa ukuqonda, ukunakekelwa, ukubamba iqhaza kanye nenkumbulo.
- Indawo yolwimi ifakwe ngendlela yokuthi umntwana angakwazi ukufunda izinhlamvu, ama-syllable, afunde ukufunda nokubhala.
- Indawo yesikhala ihlose ukujwayele izwe elizungezile, izenzakalo zemvelo nezinqubo.
Ukuthandwa kobuchwepheshe bokuqala bokuthuthukiswa kukaMontessori kukhula, futhi othisha bokudala bazama ukwengeza izindawo ezintsha zokuthuthukiswa kwengane, isibonelo, indawo yezobuciko, imoto, indawo yomculo. Uma befisa, abazali bangaphinda bafunde kabusha i-Montessori ekilasini, behlukanisa amakamelo ezindaweni ezifanelekile.
Izinto zokwakha
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa amakilasi nezingane eMontessori zenzelwe ukucabangela izici ze-anthropological zezingane, kanye nezinkathi zabo ezibucayi, okuyinto uMaria Montessori ngokwakhe ekhethwe uhlobo lomsebenzi oholela kule minyaka. Lezi zinto zivusa intshisekelo yengane ekuqondeni, sebenzisa inqubo yokuzithiba, ukusiza ukuhlela ulwazi olutholiwe ngaphandle. Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwemoto nokuzwa, ingane ikhula ngokomoya, futhi imidlalo yokuzimela yabantwana abaneMontessori izinto zibalungiselela impilo ekhuthele nokuzimela.
Umfundisi we-Montessori
Umsebenzi oyinhloko uthisha ohlelweni lwezokuthuthukiswa kwengane lweMontessori "ukuzisiza". Okungukuthi, udala nje izimo zamakilasi kanye namawashi avela eceleni, ngenkathi ingane ikhetha ukuthi uzokwenzenjani - ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono asekhaya, izibalo, geography. Iphazamisa le nqubo kuphela uma ingane ingasazi ukuthi yenzeni ngezinto eziphathekayo azikhethile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele akwenze noma yini, kepha kuchaza ingane ukuthi yikuphi okusemqoka futhi abonise isibonelo esincane somsebenzi.