Isisu se-mitral valve yisifo senhliziyo, lapho ukubonakala kwesokunxele kwe-atrioventricular kunciphile khona. Lesi sifo sibhekisela kwesinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu zesifo senhliziyo. Lesi sifo siholela ekuphazamiseni ukugeleza kwegazi kwe-diastolic, okudliwa kusukela ku-atrium kwesobunxele kuya kwe-ventricle kwesokunxele. I-pathology ingaba ifomu elihlukile, futhi kuphela endaweni ekhethiwe, kodwa kukhona namacala okulimala kwamanye amagesi.
Ngokwezibalo, izimo eziningi ze-stenosis ze-valve mitral zenzeka kubafazi. Kubantu abangu-100,000, kwenzeka kubantu abangu-80.
Izimpawu ziboniswa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engaba ngu-50 futhi zihamba kancane. Ukukhubazeka kwama-congenital akuvamile.
Izimbangela kanye ne-etiology ye-stenosis ye-oriral ye-mitral
Phakathi kwezimbangela eziyinhloko ze-stenosis ye-valve mitral kukhona ezimbili:
- Ezimweni eziningi, isimo esidabukisayo sibhekene ne-rheumatism - amacala angu-80% lesi sifo siholela ekuziphatheni komzimba.
- Kwezinye izimo, futhi lokhu kungu-20%, imbangela iyisifo esithintekayo (phakathi kwabo ukulimala kwenhliziyo, ukuphela kwesifo sokuphefumula nabanye).
Lesi sifo sakhiwa esencane, futhi sibandakanya ukwephula umsebenzi we-valve, ephakathi kwe-ventricle ne-atrium. Ukuze uqonde lokho okuyisisekelo saleso sifo, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi le valve ivula i-diastole, futhi ngegazi elibhekene ne-atrium lesokunxele liqondiswa ku-ventricle kwesokunxele. Le valve ye-mitral iqukethe ama-valve amabili, futhi uma kukhona i-stenosis, lawa ma-valve ayabulala, nomgodi lapho igazi ligeleza khona, unciphisa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukucindezelwa kwesilinganiso sokungakwesokunxele kwanda - i-blood kusukela i-atrium kwesokunxele ayinaso isikhathi sokuphuma.
I-Hemodynamics ne-mitral stenosis
Uma ingcindezi e-atrium yesokunxele iyanda, ngokufanele, iyakhula ekwenzeni i-atrium efanele, bese ivela emithanjeni ye-pulmonary, futhi, ngokuthola umlingiswa womhlaba wonke, kumjikelezo omncane wegazi. Ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu, i-myocardium ye-atrium hypertrophies kwesokunxele. I-atrium ngenxa yalokhu isebenza kwimodi eqinisiwe, futhi inqubo idluliselwa ku-atrium efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingcindezi ikhuphuka emaphashini nasemiphakathini yamapulmonary.
Izimpawu ze-mitral stenosis
Izimpawu nge-stenosis ye-valve ye-mitral zivele zizibonakalise ngokwazo ngendlela yokuphefumula ngenxa yokubandakanya amaphaphu kule nqubo, khona-ke kukhona:
- ukuhlaselwa kwesifo senhliziyo ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa kwe-gas exchange;
- ukukhwehlela, okungaba ne-mucus noma i-phlegm;
- ukhathala okwedlulele, ukuphazamiseka;
- "I-Heart hump" - ekhuphuka endaweni yenhliziyo esifubeni - kwenzeka ngenxa ye-hypertrophy ye-ventricle efanele.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-mitral stenosis
I-Mitral stenosis itholakala ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-kwenziwa ukucacisa ukwanda kwamakamelo enhliziyo nokunquma isimo semikhumbi.
- I-Electrocardiogram - kusiza ukuthola ukuthi i-hypertrophy ye-ventricle efanele futhi ishiya i-atrium, futhi inqume ukuthi isimo senhliziyo sinjani.
- Kudingeka i-phonocardiogram ekunqumeni ukuphakama kwamathekthoni ephimbo.
- I-Echocardiogram - inquma ukuhamba kwemigqa ye-mitral valve, izinga lokuvalwa kwe-valve ye-mitral nobukhulu bomgudu we-atrium kwesokunxele.
Ukwelashwa kwe-mitral stenosis
Ukwelashwa kwe-stenosis ye-valve ye-mitral akuyona into ecacile, futhi kuhloswe ukugcinwa jikelele kwenhliziyo nokugaya umzimba, kanye nokujwayelekile kwegazi.
Isibonelo, uma kunokuntuleka kokusabalalisa, i-ACE inhibitors, i-glycosides ye-cardiac, i-diuretics, imithi ethuthukisa ibhalansi yamanzi usawoti.
Uma kunezinqubo ze-rheumatic, khona-ke bayeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-antirheumatic.
Uma ukwelashwa kungenisi imiphumela efunayo, futhi kukhona usongo empilweni, khona-ke ukuhlinzwa kuboniswa - i-mitral commissurotomy.