Umsebenzi wesistimu ye-endocrine cishe awubonakali kubantu, kodwa kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo yonke inyama. Ukuhlola umsebenzi wayo, kubalulekile ukuhlola ama hormone e-thyroid ngokucophelela - okujwayelekile kulezi zikhombisi ngokuvamile kuboniswe kushidi ngemiphumela yokuhlaziywa. Kodwa ukuhunyushwa okulungile kufakazela ulwazi lwezici ezithile zokukhiqiza izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo, injongo yazo.
I-Norm kanye ne-pathology ekuhlolweni kwe-enzyme namahomoni wegciwane
Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi igciwane le-thyroid likhiqiza ama-hormone amabili kuphela:
- I-T3 - i-triiodothyronine (i-hormone eyinhloko);
- I-T4 i-tetraiodothyronine noma i-thyroxine.
Ziyadingeka ekuphathweni kwamandla kagesi emzimbeni, kanye nokulawula umsebenzi wezinqubo ezifana nalezi:
- ukuphambana kwenhliziyo;
- ukudluliselwa kwezimvo ezihambisana nezintambo zezinzwa;
- i-peristalsis yamathumbu;
- ukukhuphuka komswakama obusweni kwesikhumba nabanye.
I-TSH (i-hormone ye-thyreotropic) empeleni ikhiqizwa endaweni ye-pituitary (esifundeni sobuchopho), hhayi emgodini wegciwane. Kufakwe kulolu cwaningo, ngoba i-TSH iyadingeka ukugcina ukuhlushwa kwe-T3 no-T4 - lapho izinga labo liyehla, i-pituitary gland ikhiqiza i-hormone ye-thyroid evuselela ngokwengeziwe.
Uma unquma inani le-triiodothyronine ne-thyroxin, amanani angamahhala ka-T3 no-T4 abaluleke kakhulu, okungukuthi aveza imiphumela edingekayo yezinto eziphilayo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi amazinga we-hormone ye-thyroid ajwayelekile, kodwa futhi ukuphendula kwamagciwane kuma-enzyme, amaprotheni nama-tissue alo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuhlushwa kwama-antibodies (AT) kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- I-TPO (thyroperoxidase) yi-enzyme eyinhloko ye-gland yegciwane;
- I-TG (thyroglobulin) - amaprotheni ane-iodine, isandulela se-T3 no-T4;
- thyrotropin hormone receptors.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluchazwe luchaza:
- i-calcitonin - i-oncomarker;
- I-TSH (i-thyroxine-binding globulin) iyiprotheni yokuthutha.
Ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwezingxenye ezibalwe ngenhla, izibalo eziningana zingabonakala:
- hypo-hyperplasia we-endocrine isitho;
- i-thyrotoxicosis ;
- autoimmune thyroiditis;
- i-hypothyroidism ;
- isisu esibi.
Iyini evamile kumahomoni wegciwane?
Ukuze uqiniseke emiphumeleni yocwaningo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukunikela igazi kuma laboratories anamuhla anezinto ezibucayi kakhulu.
Cabanga ngemingcele emisiwe yenkomba ngayinye.
Imikhuba ye-hormone ye-thyroid eyinhloko Th3 (nmol / L):
- inani - 1.06-3.14;
- mahhala - 2.62-5.77.
Ukuncipha okunamandla ku-T3 kubonisa ukuthi i-hypothyroidism, ukukhathala kwesitho se-endocrine, ingabonisa umdlavuza.
Umkhuba wamahomoni we-pituitary ne-thyroid gland i-TTG ne-T4 ibalwa ngamayunithi ahlukene - MED / L ne-nmol / L, ngokulandelana.
Amanani avumelekile we-TSH aphakathi kokungu-0.47 kuya ku-4.15 uju / l.
Imingcele evamile ye-T4:
- inani - 71.23-142.25;
- mahhala - 9,56-22,3.
Futhi, lapho uthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuqukethwe kwamahomoni wegciwane egazini, kubalulekile ukwazi imigomo ye-AT ye-TPO, TG, ne-thyrotropic hormone receptors:
- antibodies kuya thyreperoxidase - ngaphansi kuka 5.67 U / ml;
- antibodies kuya thyroglobulin - titer
- ama-antibodies kuya ku-PTTG - ngaphansi kuka-4 U / l.
Izindinganiso ezifanele ze globulin ye-thyroxin-binding zivela ku-222 kuya ku-517 nmol / l.
Ngokuqondene nokuzimisela kokuhlushwa kwe-calcitonin njenge-oncomarker emdlalweni we-medullary (C-cellular) we-thyroid, kwenziwa ezikoleni ezikhethekile. Ukuthenjelwa kunokwethenjelwa ukuhlaziywa okuvuselelwe, lapho igazi lithathwa ngemva kokulawulwa kwe-calcium gluconate solution (10%). Ukwanda kancane ku-calcitonin, ngisho nangama-0.5 amayunithi ngaphezu komkhawulo ongaphezulu wokujwayelekile, kungabonisa ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-tumor ebulalayo.