Ngubani ongakazwanga ngalesi sikhungo esidumile saseFrance yamaKatolika emhlabeni wonke? Siyazi kahle kusukela encwadini kaVictor Hugo kanye nomculo wamanje wanamuhla, nalabo abavakashele iParis, mhlawumbe babona lo mbono wokwakha ubuciko ngamehlo abo. Kulabo abahlela nje ukuya eFrance, kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ngalokho okwakhiwa kwethempeli, okubizwa nge-Notre-Dame de Paris.
Umlando weCathhedral
Njengoba wazi, umlando we-Notre-Dame de Paris ubuya emuva emakhulwini eminyaka. Manje useneminyaka engaba ngu-700 ubudala, futhi wakhiwa endaweni yesonto elibizwa ngeSt. Etienne, elibhujiswa phansi. Kwakuyisisekelo sayo esakhiwa yi-Notre Dame. Kodwa okuthakazelisayo, endaweni efanayo ngaphambili kwakukhona amanye amathempeli amabili - isonto lasendulo le-paleochristian kanye ne-basilica yamaMerovingians.
Ukwakha i-cathedral yayifuna ukubhubhisa kuqala ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNkosi Louis XIV, bese kuthi ngesikhathi se-Revolution yesiFulentshi. Kodwa ekugcineni, kuphela izithombe ezivela ku-Notre-Dame de Paris kanye namafasitela alo angcolile. Kulokho konke konke kugcinwa, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isakhiwo esikhulu sasiwela kancane kancane.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Notre Dame yayingakaze idume kakhulu ngaphambili - imibuzo ephathelene naye njengesikhumbuzo somlando nezakhiwo zaseFrance, kanye nokucindezeleka kwakhe, uVictor Hugo wakhulisa encwadini esemnandi. Kwakuyi-resonance yakhe eyenza umphakathi uqaphele uMkhandlu. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Notre Dame yavuselelwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX. U-Violet de Ducu wasungula lo mcimbi obalulekile, futhi wabhekana kahle: eziningi zezithombe zasendulo ze-cathedral zabuyiselwa, futhi kwafakwa ama-gargoyles awaziwa kakhulu kanye nokuphefumula. Sekuyisikhathi sethu, isicabha saso sageza kusukela ekudeni okudala, sichaza amehlo abantu ukuthi imidwebo yayo iyimifanekiso emasangweni ayo.
Izici zokwakhiwa kweChristian Cathedral e-Notre Dame eParis
Ukwakhiwa kwe-cathedral kwaqala ukwakhiwa ezindaweni ezikude ezingu-1160, lapho isitayela saseRoma sasinamandla ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zaseYurophu. Ukubonakala kwesakhiwo kukhulu kakhulu ukuthi kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi konke lokhu kwenziwa ngezandla zomuntu. Ngesizathu esifanayo, i-cathedral yakhiwa isikhathi eside - ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqedwa ngo-1345 kuphela - kanti ngenkathi ephakathi kwaseFrance i-Romanesque yafika kwisitayela seGothic, lokhu kwakungeke kwenzeke kodwa kuthinte ukubukeka kwezakhiwo6 ze-Notre Dame. Isakhiwo sihlanganisa ngokubili lezi zitayela, kube yisibonelo sencazelo yabo yegolide.
Umbono jikelele we-cathedral ushiya umbono "okhulayo", naphezu kwesakhiwo esibucayi. Ngokomqondo wabakhi abazakhele iNdoma Dame de Paris (kwakukhona ababili babo - uPeter de Montréle noJean de Schel), akukhona neze izindawo eziphambili esakhiweni, futhi yonke ivolumu isekelwe umdlalo we-chiaroscuro futhi uhluke. Lokhu kusetshenziswe amafasitela e-lancet, amakholomu amaningi esikhundleni sezindonga kanye nezindwangu ezithinta phezulu.
Ingxenye yesigcawu ihlukaniswe ibe ingosi enkulu enkulu. Ehlangothini lwesobunxele yi-portal of the Virgin Mary, ngakwesokudla yi-portal kanina, Saint Anne, futhi engxenyeni ephakathi kukhona iPortal of the Last Judgment. Ngaphezulu kwazo yi-tier elandelayo lapho i-arcade yeChristian Cathedral ihlala khona-khona ungabona izithombe ezingu-28 ezibonisa wonke amakhosi akwaJuda. Eyingxenyeni ephakathi kwesigcawu kukhona iwindi elikhulu elithi "rose" eligcwele ingilazi ekhonjiwe.
Into yokuqala ukuthi isivakashi ilalele ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo yilapho kungabikho izindonga eziphelele. Bashintshwa ngamakholomu, anikezela ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwethempeli ukuthi kube nombono wesikhala esikhulu.
Ngokuqondene nobuciko bokudweba, ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo senkonzo yamasonto, umuntu angabona ama-bas-reliefs yasendulo ebonisa izindaba ezivela eTestamente Elisha, nezithombe zangaphandle ze-Notre Dame of Our Lady (Virgin Mary) noSt. Dionysius.
Ikhanda le-cathedral eyaziwa ngokuthi i-chimeras, ehlobisa i-Notre-Dame de Paris. Eduze nabo ungabona kuphela ngokukhuphukela embhoshongweni osenyakatho. Izifanekiso zama-chimeras, njenge-gargoyles, zasungulwa ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwe-Notre Dame.
Izivakashi ze-cathedral yaseParis zinethuba lokulalela umculo womzimba (isitho sendawo esona sikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni), ukuvakashela umnotho we-cathedral bese ubona umqhele wezinkuni zikaKristu, kanye ne-crypt kanye nensimu eseduze ne-Notre-Dame de Paris.
Futhi izivakashi zaseParis zingazijwayeza ezinye izinto ezikhangayo - i- Eiffel Tower ne -Orsay Museum .