I-Asparagus - ukukhula ngaphandle, amathiphu awusizo wokutshala

I-Asparagus ibhekwa njengesitshalo esiyingqayizivele futhi esisebenzisekayo, ukulima kwalesi sitshalo esingenakuzwela nokubandayo kukhiqizwa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke amakhulu eminyaka. Manje asisabhekwa njengento ebiza kakhulu yezinduna ezihloniphekile, ngokuqinile ukuthola imvume yokuhlala unomphela emikhakheni eminingi yezwe.

Incazelo ye-Asparagus

Izitshalo zomndeni we-asparagus zitholakala kuzo zonke izifunda, kodwa eziningi zazo zikhula emazweni anesimo sezulu esomile. Imelela isikhathi esingapheli sokhula ngokuphakama kwamamitha ayisigamu nesigamu, esithola kuwo kusukela ku-9 kuya ku-12 amahlumela amahlumela amahle, esilungele ukusetshenziswa kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Intengo ephezulu ye-asparagus ihlotshaniswa nesikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa, isivuno esincane kanye nokuphila okufakwe emashafini omkhiqizo omusha. Lapho amaqabunga ekhululekile, amafihlethi abe nzima futhi alahlekelwe ukunambitheka, ngakho ukulibala ekuhlanzeni akuvumelekile.

Kuthengiswa kukhona i-asparagus emhlophe, e-violet ne-green, yemifino yokulima emakhadini okukhiqiza kanye ne-flavouring. Ukuze bathole amahlumela amhlophe, bahlale behlaziyekile, bewavikela kusukela elangeni. Uma indawo yokuhlala yomhlabathi amahlumela eqhutshwa kancane kancane, unikeze isisu se-asparagus ithuba lokusibekela ngaphansi kwemifudumala efudumele, khona-ke iziqongo zithola i-violet hue. I-asparagus eluhlaza ikhule ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka evulekile ngaphandle kwezintaba.

Izinhlobo ze-Asparagus

Manje, i-asparagus yokukhula engadini futhi insimu isetshenziselwa uhlobo lwendoda ikakhulukazi, olubhekisela ezinhlakalweni ezivulekile. Akukhiqizi imbewu egcwele umquba, ekulungele ukuhlwanyela, kodwa unomkhiqizo owandile wezinhlanzi ezinamandla neziqinile. Ama-Hybrids wokukhethwa kwamanye amazwe aseJersey iGiant, iJersey Prince, iJersey Knight, i-Syn 53, i-UC 157, i-Syn 4-362 ayizange ibe yimbi.

Okwamanje, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu zalesi sitshalo ziye zahlushwa. Esikhathini senethiwekhi yokuhweba, imbewu ye-asperagus yokwelapha, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa noma ezihlwabusayo zithengiswa. Ngokungafani nama-hybrid, izinhlobo zizala ekhaya, uma zifisa, ungahlala uthola imbewu yakho ngezinhloso zakho. Amamaki ahloniphekile adume kakhulu nge-asparagus yokulima uSlava Braunschweig, i-Snow Head neLate Argentina.

Ukutshala imbewu ye-asparagus emhlabathini ovulekile

Lezi zitshalo zensimu zinempahla yonke, isilimo se-asparagus sintshalwe ngokusika, sihlukanisa isihlahla futhi sisebenzisa imbewu. Indlela yokugcina ihlotshaniswa nobunzima obuningi, ngokuvamile abantu abathandana nabo bayakhononda ukuhluma okuncane. Ukuhlakulela imbewu yamasiko kuyoba yindlela enhle kakhulu kubantu abangenazo izihlahla ezincelisayo noma abahlala ezindaweni lapho lesi sitshalo singavamile. Abathandekayo abanesithakazelo se-asparagus, ukulima nokukhiqiza isitshalo esimangalisayo bangabhala kalula ezihlukahlukene ezikhethiwe ngeposi, bethola imbewu yayo emhlabeni jikelele.

I-Asparagus - indawo yokutshala

Uma uhlwanyela ngqo imbewu engadini entwasahlobo, kuyoba nzima ukuthola umphumela omuhle womlimi wemifino. I-Asparagus ikhule kahle kakhulu kusuka emzimbeni ngokudla, kodwa inokwethenjelwa indlela yokutshala emithonjeni, kanti imbewu ngokwalo iyakwelashwa ngamalungiselelo akhuthazayo ukuze kwandiswe iphesenti yokuhluma. Imfundo yokulima kwalesi siko ilula futhi kulula ukwenza ekhaya.

Ukulima kwe-asparagus kusuka kumbewu:

1. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli, sidonsa imbewu yamahora ama-48 kwisisombululo samanzi ngokuvuselela ukukhula ("Epin", "Zircon" , nezinye izindlela ezitholakalayo).
2. Ukutshala, sisebenzisa iziqukathi ngenhlabathi, ehlanganisa ingxube yomquba, i-peat nenhlabathi ecacile kusuka ensimini yakho (1: 1: 1).
3. Imbewu igubungela umhlabathi ngendwangu ye-1 cm, uyibeka ngokuvumelana nesimiso sika-6x6 cm.
4. Uthule inhlabathi ngamanzi avela ku-sprayer.
5. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, simboza iziqukathi ngefilimu noma emathini ukuze umhlaba ungabe usomile.
6. Ukushisa kulesisitsha kugcinwa cishe ngo-25-27 ° C.
7. Sivamise ngezikhathi ezithile izitshalo ukuhambisa.
8. Isikhathi sokuhluma sembewu singama-6 amasonto! Kuzodingeka ulinde isikhathi eside kuze kuvele i-asparagus eluhlaza, ukulima kwalesi siko kudinga ukuguga.

Isikhathi sokufika ku-asparagus inhlabathi

Izithombo ezincane zalesi sitshalo zihlale zibuthakathaka kunalokho okutshalayo, okushiwo yi-vegetatively. Akwanele ukuthola izitshalo eziqinile ezinomhlwanyelo, isikhathi sokutshala amahlumela abuthakathaka emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukukhetha kahle kakhulu. Izitshalo zingathandeki endaweni ephakathi ukuze idluliselwe endaweni engapheli ngaphambi kweyhumi eyishumi kaJuni. I-Asparagus iyisitshalo esingabandeki, kodwa amahlumela amancane angabhekana nesithwathwa.

Ukutshala ama-asparagus amahlumela

Ngo-Mashi-Juni, kulula ukusabalalisa imifino oyintandokazi nge-cuttings, ukuthola izithombo ezinhle kusuka emahlumela omnyaka odlule, uthathe izitshalo ezindala ze-uterine. Ukutshala izithombo ze-asparagus emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngaphansi kwama-hoods, okwenziwa ngamabhodlela aseplastiki atholakalayo. Esikhathini sokuqothulwa komhlabathi kunconywa ukuba ukhululeke futhi ufuthe amahlumela, ususe isikrini sokuzivikela amahora ambalwa esimo sezulu esibhakabhakeni noma kusihlwa. Ngenyanga nangesigamu, izithombo zizobe sezikulungele ukupheka.

Uhlelo lokutshala i-asparagus endle - imithetho eyisisekelo

Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi sibhekene nesikhathi eside sesikhathi sokugcoba isitshalo se-asparagusi, sihlwanyela futhi siyishiya ensimini evulekile iminyaka eminingi endaweni enomphela. Umbhede onesithombo ezinkampanini ezincane kufanele kufakwe eceleni kocingo noma udonga. Indlela emigqa emithathu ifaneleka ezindaweni ezinkulu lapho kusetshenzwa khona isitshalo se-asparagus yemifino, sikhula kulokhu kulemigqa kuze kube ngu-30 cm ububanzi. Phakathi kwemigqa sisuka kude kuya ku-1 m.

Izithombo ze-Asparagus - izinsuku zokutshala

Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo ezinomsoco ezinamandla futhi ezinamandla ze-asparagus ezihlwanyelwe zifanelekile, ezikhulayo ezibuthakathaka, ezigulayo nezingafaneleki ngokuvamile ziveza imiphumela emihle, kufanele zilahlwe masinyane. Kusukela kubamba ukushisa, izithombo zonyaka odlule zitshalwe enhlabathini ezinyangeni zakuqala zentwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi iqhuma kahle. Uma ngabe ubambe izithombo ebusika futhi uthola izithombo ezijwayelekile ngehlobo, bese uzidlulisela emhlabathini ovulekile kungakapheli maphakathi noJuni, ukuze amahlumela abe nesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa neqhwa.

Isimo se-Asparagus - izimo ezikhulayo

Noma yisiphi isitshalo esisensimini lapho umlimi weloli efuna ukuvunwa okuhle kudinga ukuchelela okulinganiselayo, ukufaka umanyolo, ukukhipha inhlabathi nokukhipha ukhula ezindaweni zokuhlala. Ukunakekela i-asparagus akuyona into eyinkimbinkimbi, yonke imisebenzi eyinhloko yokulima kwayo ingafakwa ohlwini ezindimeni eziningana. Into eyinhloko ukuziphatha ngesikhathi esifanele komsebenzi wezolimo kanye nokugcinwa kwezilinganiso eziqondile uma usebenzisa amaminerali amaminerali.

I-asparagus ekhulayo ezweni - ukuchelela

I-asparagus yemifino iyakhula futhi ihambe ngokuphuza okulinganiselayo, lapho amanzi efika ngaphansi kwempande ngezikhathi ezilinganayo emithini encane. Ukwedlulela kule ndaba akufanele kube, ukuqhuma isikhathi eside somswakama eduze kwezimpande zenzuzo yesitshalo ngeke ukuletha. Ukuze uthole izivuno ezinhle, kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zokuchelela okuhle ngesikhathi sehlobo. Kunconywa ukuhamba nabo nge-weeding esilandelayo ngokukhululeka okusemthethweni kwenhlabathi.

I-asparagus ekhulayo ekugqoka ekhaya

Ngaphandle kokukhulelwa okufanele, ezolimo zanamuhla azikwazi ukucabanga. Ukuze uthole isilimo sokugaya isikhathi eside sokukhula nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, udinga ukuthuthukisa isikhathi sokudla okufika ngesikhathi. Inqubo yokuqala kumele idalwe ngenkathi ihlwanyela izithombo, izingxenye ezilandelayo zamaminerali zifakwa emhlabathini ngenkathi ekhulayo.

Imigomo yokugqoka okuphezulu kwe-asparagusi:

1. Uma utshala entwasahlobo, ungenza umanyolo ophilayo (humus) ngesilinganiso se 10 kg / m².
2. Ngezinyanga zasekwindla, uma isitshalo se-asparagus sintshalwe ku-1 m ² enhlabathini, kuze kube ngu-60 g we-superphosphate, 30 g we-potassium sulfate, i-10 g ye-ammonium sulphate inikezwa.
3. Isixazululo samanzi nge-mullein ehlanzayo (1: 5) sondliwa imifino encane ngenyanga emva kokutshala.
4. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Spring okuphezulu kwe-asparagus izihlahla kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-nitrogen-potassium-phosphorus. Isilinganiso - kufika ku-30 ​​g / m ² yenhlabathi.
5. Ukuvunwa kwe-Asparagus kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, emva kokuvuna izihlahla ezihlala njalo kufanele kuhlanganiswe ne-superphosphate, usawoti we-potassium kanye ne-urea (30 g / m ² ). Lezi zenzo zisiza izitshalo zibuyisele amandla.
6. Ngo-Julayi, i-asparagus iyaqhubeka ikhula futhi idinga izakhi, isiza ekudleni kwezinyoni zezinyoni ezihlaziyekayo (1:10).
7. Ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kwamanyolo kwenziwa ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu ngo-Okthoba. I-nitrojeni yokunikeza isilimo esinamagatsha anamanzi ekwindla ayikwazi, i-phosphorus eyanele kanye ne-potassium (30 g / m ² superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate).
8. Ekupheleni kwenkathi, sisusa amahlumela endala we-asparagusi ekwindla, ezindaweni ezibandayo senza indawo yokukhosela ehlathini nge peat. Ungadlulisa ungqimba lomhlabathi phezulu kwezitshalo ngobukhulu obuyi-5 cm ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwawo.

Ukulima kwe-asparagus - izifo nezinambuzane

Isifo esiyingozi se-asparagus ukubola okubomvu okubangelwa i-Helicobasidium purpureum. Uma kwenzeka i-lesion enkulu yesayithi, ama-patches abukwa emibhedeni, ngenxa yokufa kwezingxenye ezingenhla ezihlahleni ezithelelekile. I-Asparagus - ukumelana nezimila, izitshalo ezikhulayo nokusebenzisa imithetho eyisisekelo yobuchwepheshe bezolimo kusiza ukulwa nalesi sifo. Ukuze kuvikelwe, izihlahla ziphathwa ngokuthi "Fundazol" , uma le fungus isivele isakaze endaweni enkulu, kuhle kakhulu ukubeka isayithi elisha.

Ngokujwayelekile esitshalweni ungathola izimbungulu ezingenakuqondakala ezidla ubuningi obuhlaza. Imiphumela enamandla yokuphazamiseka kwezinambuzane ekulahlekeni komkhiqizo noma ukushona kwamahlathi amancane. I-Larvae ye-asparagus iyabangela umonakalo emahlumela, iwabamba imivimbo. Ngezinambuzane eziyingozi (i-asparagus leaf beetle, izimpukane ze-asparagus) zilwa ngokupuniza izitshalo ngama-insecticide "Fufanon" noma "Fitoverm" .