I-cecum iphela ku-vermiform appendage encane. Le ngxenye yomzimba ihlaziywa futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-appendicitis, injongo yayo yokusebenza ayikacaciswanga. Lesi sithasiselo sithinteka ezinkampanini zokuvuvukala ezenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sesana.
Kungaba khona i-appendicitis enganeni?
Isimo se-pathological esihlolwe sitholwa ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engu-5-15. Abanye abazali bezingane, bebona izibonakaliso zesifo, bangabaza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukufakwa kwesisu kumntwana oneminyaka eyodwa. Impendulo yalo mbuzo ihle. Ngezinye izikhathi isithasiselo sivutha ngisho nasezinsana.
I-appendicitis ezinganeni - izimbangela
Noma kunjalo akekho udokotela ongacacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezivusa isifo esichazwe. Kuthiwa, izimbangela zokuvuvukala kwesithasiselo zihlanganisa okwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa:
- ukuvinjelwa kwesithasiselo;
- ukutholakala kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic ku-caecum.
I-appendicitis enhle ezinganeni
Ukuvinjelwa kwesigungu sokugcina kungenziwa ngezizathu eziningana. I-Appendicitis ezinganeni yenza i-début yayo nge:
- izidumbu zangaphandle kuleli caecum;
- izifo eziphazamisayo;
- hyperplasia of follicles lymphoid;
- ukungabikho kokuzalwa kwangasese esakhiweni noma endaweni yesigungu;
- amatshe amaqabunga.
Ukuvuvukala kwesithasiselo se-cecum kuqala ngemuva kokunamathiswa kwe-flora. Lokhu kuhlinzekwa yizimo ezilandelayo:
- ukudluliselwa kwezifo;
- imisebenzi ephansi yesimiso somzimba;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezindaweni eziseduze.
I-appendicitis engapheli ezinganeni
Ngokweqile, kunesimo esizimele nesesekondlo salolu hlobo lwesimo sokugula. Odokotela abaningi bayaphika ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwesithasiselo, ngoba uhlobo oluyingozi lwesifo luhlale luhilela ukukhipha isitho esiyingozi. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezigciniwe kanye namacala okukhululwa ngokungahambisani nenqubo yokwelapha azikho.
Ngokuvamile izingane zinokuvuvukala okungapheli kwesibili kwesithasiselo - izimpawu zesifo zivela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kokusebenza. Izimpawu zesifo zifana nesimo esibucayi, kodwa esingaphansi, "siphumelele". Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lwe-pathology, kuyadingeka ukuba ube nesitshalo kusukela ekungenikeni kwesithasiselo, cishe u-2 cm ubude.
I-appendicitis enganeni - izimpawu
Kunzima ukusola ukugula okucatshangelwa ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi esemncane, lapho umntwana engakwazi ukuchaza ngokucacile ukuzwa kwakhe. Izibonakaliso zokuvuvukala kwesithasiselo kumntwana zingabonakali kakhulu kunomuntu omdala. Inqubo enjenge-Worm kubantwana ivame ukuhlala endaweni engekho endaweni ejwayelekile, esifundeni se-iliac esifanele. Angase abe namanye amalungiselelo:
- i-retrocecal - ngemuva kwe-cecum;
- i-hepatic - eduze kwe-gallbladder;
- i-pelvic - esifundeni sesinqe.
Ngenxa yezimo ezinjalo, abazali abaningi abazi ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani ingane , futhi baxhumane nezimpawu ezivela ezinganeni ezinezifo ezinesithombe esifanayo somtholampilo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthi ungazami ukuzivikela wena futhi usebenzise izindlela zokwelapha ekhaya. Uma kunoma yiziphi izimpawu ezibuhlungu, kufanele uthinte ngokushesha ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-appendicitis ezinganeni
Isithombe sokuqala esitholakala emtholampilo se-pathology sitholakala ekuziphatheni nasekuphelelweni kwenhlalakahle yengane. Izimpawu zokuqala nge-appendicitis zihlanganisa:
- ukunganakwa;
- ukulala;
- ukucasula;
- ukuwohloka kwesifiso;
- ukuqonda;
- izinkinga zesitoreji;
- isicasuli ;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukuphelelwa amanzi ;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ubuhlungu esiswini, phansi emuva.
Ezinganeni kunzima kakhulu ukusola ukufakwa kwesisu - izimpawu ezinganeni:
- ukukhala okungaqondakali njalo;
- ukuxhuma;
- ukuvula ohlangothini lwesobunxele;
- ukungabi nesifiso sokudla;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukumelana ukuthinta;
- uzama ukukhipha imilenze yakhe, eguqa ngamadolo, esiswini.
Ubuhlungu ku-appendicitis
Uphawu oluchazwe lesi sifo lungenziwa ezindaweni ezihlukene zomzimba, kuye ngokuthi indawo ye-vermiform appendage. Izimpawu zohlelo lokusebenza ezinganeni zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu be-syndrome, obuzwa kwenye yezindawo ezilandelayo:
- i-epigastrium;
- ezungeze inkaba;
- esifundeni sase-Iliac esifanele;
- isisu esiphansi;
- emuva okuphansi;
- ngaphezu kwe-pubis noma ku-groin;
- eduze kwesibindi.
Ngokuvamile ingane ayikwazi ukuchaza ngokunembile lapho ezwa khona ubuhlungu, futhi ikhomba lonke isisu. Ukuzizwa okungathandeki kwezingane ngezinye izikhathi kugxila kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba:
- i-perineum;
- emuva;
- izitho zangasese;
- isisu;
- izinyawo;
- ureter;
- i-rectum.
Ukushisa nge-appendicitis
Ukushisa akubhekwa njengesibonakaliso esithile sokuvuvukala kwenqubo yokuqeda izingane. Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa komzimba akuyona indlela enokwethenjelwa yokubona ukufakwa komzimba emntwaneni. Inqubo yokukhubazeka isakhula kakhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba asihlali ngaso sonke isikhathi siphenduka kuso ngokuyisimo somkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane. Ukushisa okuvamile kuvame ukuhambisana ne-appendicitis - izimpawu ezinganeni zilinganiselwe kuphela ubuhlungu kanye nezifo zengqondo. Ukushisa kwenzeka ezinkathini zamuva, lapho isithasiselo siphulwa.
Izimpawu ze-peritonitis ene-appendicitis
Ngenxa yobunzima obucacile ekuhloleni i-pathology ezethuliwe, izingane eziningi zingena emtholampilo kakade ngesigaba esibi sesifo. I-Peritonitis ene-appendicitis isencane (eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyesihlanu) iqala cishe masinyane, ngezinye izikhathi kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwendlela yokwehlisa imithatha amahora ambalwa kuphela. Izimpawu ezicacile zalesi simo:
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme kakhulu, kufika ku-40 degrees;
- isisu esisithukuthele ngokuphawulekayo;
- isikhala sesikhumba;
- isitoreji sokugcina;
- ukuhlunguphaza okukhulu kuzo zonke izindawo zesisu;
- ukuhlanza okukhulu.
Izinkinga ze-appendicitis ezinganeni
Lesi sifo sifundwa ngokucophelela odokotela abahlinzayo futhi singabelungu lezinkinga ze-pathologies. Isizathu sokuthi i-appendicitis ingase ibe nzima ukuthi izimpawu ezinganeni zazinakwa noma zitholakali kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inqubo yokuvuvukala iqhubekela phambili ngokushesha futhi iholela emiphumeleni eyingozi. I-appendicitis enganeni ingabangela izinkinga ezilandelayo:
- i-abscess - i-abscess emgodini wesisu;
- Ukungena kwegazi - ukungena egazini lama-bacterium we-pathogenic, ukulimala okujwayelekile;
- ukuguqulwa kwesithasiselo - i-peritonitis;
- ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu - ukuvimbela ;
- ukungena kwesibindi - ukuvuvukala okulinganiselwe kwe-peritoneum;
- ukunamathela okunamathelayo - ukwanda kwezicubu ezixhunyiwe.
Indlela yokuhlonza ukuvuvukala kwesithasiselo?
Cindezela, crumple futhi uzizwe isisu ezinganeni ezinokusola kwezifo ezichazwe ngokuqinile. Ukuvuvukala kwenqubo ye-cecum kumele kutholakale yi-specialist, ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zesifo, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nomtholampilo ngokushesha. Kungenzeka ukuba ucabange lokhu kuphila ngezibonakaliso ezithile ezibukwayo.
Indlela yokunquma ukuvuvukala kwesithasiselo ezinganeni - ukuhlolwa okulula:
- Przewalski. Kunzima noma kuyabuhlungu ukuba ingane iphakamise umlenze wakhe wokunene.
- Rizvan. Nge-inhalation ejulile, ukuzwa okungathandeki esifundeni se-aliac kuqinisa.
- Sitkovsky. Ukuqiniswa kobuhlungu endaweni ephezulu kwesokunxele.
- Karavaeva. Ukwanda okungaphezu kokukhwehlela.
- I-Zatler. Ukusika ubuhlungu esifundeni se-aliac lapho umlenze wokulungisa olungisiwe uphakanyiswa endaweni yokuhlala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-appendicitis iqinisekiswa yizimpawu ezibonakalayo ezinganeni ezibalwe ngenhla. Uma ingane inezici eziningi noma eziningi, kubalulekile ukuthi ushayele ngokushesha iqembu lezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. Ngaphandle kokwelapha okwanele, inqubo yokuvuvukala iyoqhubekela phambili ngokushesha, iphumele i-peritonitis nezinye izinkinga eziyingozi.
Isibhedlela sisebenzisa izindlela zezinsimbi zokuxilongwa kwe-appendicitis ezinganeni:
- ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound;
- i-radiography;
- I-Irrigoscopy ;
- i-computer noma i-imaging resonance imaging;
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-radionuclide.
Uma ukuxilongwa okungafani okuhlukile kungasungulwa, futhi inhlalakahle yengane ihla kakhulu ngokushesha, i-laparoscopy inconywa. Lokhu kungenelela okuhlinzekwa okuncane okungavamile kusivumela ukuba sihlole isimo sesithasiselo ngekhamera encane. Ngokuvamile i-laparoscopy yokuxilonga iphenduka ukuphathwa kwelashwa.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-appendicitis
Ukukhishwa kwesithasiselo kunqunywe ngemuva kweklasi elifushane lama-antibiotics. Imithi elwa namagciwane isiza ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala kwesithasiselo nokulula ukukwenyuka kwayo, ukunciphisa izimpawu zesifo. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Indlela evuliwe (ye-classical). Ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zesisu isisindo esincane senziwe nge-scalpel, lapho isithasiselo esithintekile sisuswa khona. Inxeba i-sutured, ngezinye izikhathi imfucuza ifakwe kuyo ukukhulula izixuku ezingenasisindo kanye nokuphuma ngokweqile. Ngemva kokuqeda ngokuphelele izimpawu zokutheleleka, i-tube isusiwe, futhi ukugqoka okuyimpoqo nemithi kuyasetshenziswa ekugwenyweni kokuphulukisa.
- Indlela ye-Laparoscopic. Udokotela ohlinzayo uthola ukufinyelela kwesithasiselo nge-2-4 punctures. Omunye wabo ufaka ikhamera encane, ezinye - amathuluzi akhethekile aguquguqukayo. Le nqubo yokuhlinzwa ayibuhlungu kakhulu kanti ibhekwa yisikhathi esifushane sokuvuselela, kodwa ifaneleke kuphela ezimweni ezilula zokufakelwa kwezingane, uma kungekho zibonakaliso ze-peritonitis nokuqedwa kwesithasiselo.