Ama-monasteries ayingxenye ebalulekile yenkambiso nomlando waseRussia. Kunoma yimuphi umuzi waseRussia wasendulo ungakhuphuka intaba ephakeme, lapho uzobona khona isithombe esinqabileyo - amasonto angama-Orthodox, amasonto amasonto kanye nezindela. Manje kuyoba nzima ngisho nokubala ukuthi zingaki izindlu zezindela ezikhona eRussia. Ngokusho kwedatha yonyaka owedlule kuphela amasonto angu-804 angamaSonto ase-Russian Orthodox.
Kwavela kanjani izindlu zezindela?
Igama lesiGreki elisho "mono" (i-monk, i-monastery) lisho eyodwa. Ukuze kungabikho muntu owaphazamisa ukuzindla ngokuphila okuphakade nokuphila ngemithetho kaNkulunkulu, abakwa-ascetics basebenzisa isikhathi esiningi bodwa. Abantu abanjalo babevame ukuhlangana nabantu abanengqondo futhi bathola abafundi. Kamuva, imiphakathi ethile yavela ngemibono ejwayelekile, izithakazelo kanye nendlela yokuphila. Bahlala phansi, baqala ukuhamba epulazini elivamile. Ngakho ama-monasteri yokuqala e-Orthodox avela enhlabathini yaseRussia.
Ama-Old Monasteries aseRussia
Edolobheni lasendulo laseRussia laseNovgorod, elidlala indima ebalulekile ekusungulweni nasekuthuthukisweni kombuso wethu, i-Monastery yase-Yuriev itholakala. Leli dolobha lase-Russia lasendulo lisebhange elingakwesokunxele loMfula iVolkhov. I-Yuryev yezindela yasungulwa ngu-Yaroslav the Wise. Bakha isonto lezinkuni, okwathi ngemva kwalokho umlando wendwendwe odumile waqala.
ERussia, i-monasteri yayivame ukukhonza njengenqaba. Isitha kwakufanele sivimbezele izindonga zakhe isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile izindlu zezindela zazingabokuqala ukushaya, njengoba zatholakala ngemuva kwezindonga zamadolobha. Kwaphela isikhathi eside eRussia babeyizikhungo zokukhanya. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga zendlu yezindela kwakuhlelwe izikole ezincane, imitapo yolwazi kanye nama-workshops ochwepheshe. Ngezikhathi ezinzima, ukudla kwasakazwa kwabaswele, abantu abadinga futhi abagulayo bathola indawo yokukhosela kulezi zindonga.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngenxa yenguquko, uMbuso WaseRussia wawa, futhi endaweni yawo kwakhiwa izwe elisha lase-USSR, lapho kwakungekho ndawo yenkolo. Ama-monasteries ahluleka futhi avalwa. Emadolobheni asekuqaleni, izindawo zokugcina impahla noma amakilabhu ayevame ukuhlala. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-90 yekhulu lama-XX, lapho ubukhomanisi bewa, amasonto ase-Russian Orthodox aseRussia aqala ukuqhuba imisebenzi yabo. E-Russia kukhona namanje amasonto amasha.
Amasonto ahloniphekile aseRussia
I-Monastery yase-Novospassky. Enye yezindela zamadoda aseMoscow aseMoscow, ehlala kahle e-Peasant Square ngemuva kweTaganka. I-monastery yasungulwa ekude 1490 ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMkhulu uDuke Ivan III. Kuze kube manje, libukeka ngokuhluke ngokuphelele.
Isizindela saseBoris neGleb. Indlu yezindela zaseBorisoglebsky yasungulwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNkosana uDmitry Donskoy. Itholakala endaweni ethule ngasemfuleni u-Ustye, ehaqwe yihlathi. Usize uDmitry Donskoy ekuvuseleleni okungokomoya nokuziphatha kweRussia uSergius waseRadonezh.
UZiqu-zintathu-uSt. Sergius Lavra. Lokhu mhlawumbe i-monastery enkulu kakhulu eRussia. Umlando kaZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra uhlangene negama leRussia yaseRussia ephawulekayo yaseRussia. Wenze isandla esikhulu ekuthuthukiseni kwama-Orthodoxy esifundeni saseRussia. Kukhona umdwebo edolobheni laseSergiev Posad esifundeni saseMoscow.
Enye yezindela ezinkulu zokusebenzela eRussia yiNdlu yezindela zeP Pskov-Pechersky. Yasungulwa ngo-1473. I-monastery ihaqwe izindonga ezinamandla nemibhoshongo kanye nezintambo. Kusuka egameni ungaqonda ukuthi lezindela zisezindlini zasePechory. I-Optina iyihlane. Indlu enkulukazi nodumile eRussia. Itholakala esifundeni saseKaluga, eduze kwedolobha laseKozelsk.
Izindlu zezindela zaseSuzdal ziyisihlobiso salesi dolobha esincane saseVladimir. Abaningi babo banomlando wasendulo kakhulu - i-Rizopolozhensky nunnery yasungulwa ngo-1207.