Ngasekupheleni kuka-2004, uMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin wasayina uMthetho we-Federal Law ovumela usuku lapho uSuku lweNhlangano kaZwelonke lugubha khona. Ngokwale dokhumenti, leli holide, elizinikele kwelinye lezinsuku zokunqoba eRussia, kufanele ligujwa njalo ngonyaka ngoNovemba 4. Futhi okokuqala ngqa amaRashiya agubha leliholidi lezwe kakade ngo-2005.
Umlando weholide lobunye bezwe
Umlando weSuku Lobumbano Kazwelonke kanye nezimpande zawo uphindela ngo-1612, lapho i-People's Army, eholwa iMinin noPozharsky, ikhulula umuzi kubantu abahlaseli bangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yilo mcimbi owabangela ukuphela kwesikhathi sezinkinga eRussia ngekhulu le-17.
Umbangela wokuqhudelana kwakuyi-crisis dynastic. Kusukela ekufeni kuka-Ivan the Terrible (1584) nangaphambi komshado weRomanov wokuqala (1613), isikhathi sokuhlupheka sasiqede izwe, okwabangelwa ukuphazamiseka komndeni wakwaRurikovich. Ngokushesha le nkinga yaba umbuso kazwelonke: umbuso owodwa wahlukaniswa, ukuphanga okukhulu, ukuphanga, ukweba, inkohlakalo kanye nezwe kwakungenxa yokudakwa nokushayisana. Kwabe sekuvela abakhohlisi abaningi, bezama ukubamba isihlalo sobukhosi saseRussia.
Ngokushesha amandla athathwa yi "Semiboyar", eholwa nguPrince Fedor Mstislavsky. Nguye owavumela amaPoles angene emzini futhi azama ukushada umbuso wamaKatolika - isikhulu sasePoland u-Vladislav.
Futhi-ke ubaba uHermogen wakhulisa abantu baseRashiya ukuba balwe nabahlaseli basePoland kanye nokuzivikela kwe-Orthodoxy. Kodwa ukuvukela okuvame ukuphikisana kwabantu ePoland ngaphansi kobuholi bukaProkopy Lyapunov kwahlukana ngenxa yezingxabano phakathi kwezicukuthwane kanye neCosacks. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-Mashi 19, 1611.
Ikholi elandelayo yokudalwa kwezikhali zabantu yazwakala ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela - ngoSeptemba 1611 kusukela "kumuntu ohweba" u-Kuzma Minin. Enkulumweni yakhe edumile emhlanganweni womuzi, uhlongoze ukuba angabongi abantu noma impilo yabo noma impahla yabo ngenhloso enkulu. Kubizo lwezakhamuzi zaseMinin zaphendula futhi ngokuzithandela zaqala ukuthatha amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu emali engenayo ukuze zenze impi. Nokho, lokhu kwakunganele, futhi abantu baphoqeleka ukukhokha amanye amaphesenti angamashumi amabili ngezinhloso ezifanayo.
Umholi wezempi oyinhloko u-Minin uphakamise ukumema isikhulu esincane se-Novgorod uDmitry Pozharsky. Futhi abasizi basePozharsky basekhaya bakhetha uMinin ngokwakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu bakhethwa futhi bagqoke ngokuqiniseka ngokugcwele abantu ababili ababa yinhloko yesibili yokuvusa.
Ngaphansi kwezibhengezo zabo, kwahlangana ibutho elikhulu ngalezo zikhathi, kuhlanganisa nabantu abangaphezu kuka-10 000 ababophezela inkonzo, cishe ama-Cossacks angaba ngu-3 000, abahlaseli abangu-1 000 nabalimi abaningi. Futhi kakade ekuqaleni kukaNovemba 1612, ngesithonjana esimangaliso ezandleni zokuvukela wonke amazwe, sakwazi ukuhlasela umuzi futhi sixoshe abahlaseli.
Yilokho okugubha uSuku Lwamazwe Kazwelonke , olugujwa ezweni lethu maduzane, kodwa empeleni leli holide alikho iminyaka eyikhulu ubudala.
Ukugubha usuku loMunye kaZwelonke ngokwemvelo kuhlanganisa ukubamba izenzakalo ezinkulu nezenhlalo nezombusazwe, kufaka phakathi iminyango, imihlangano yemidlalo, imicimbi yezemidlalo kanye nezenzo zokusiza, uMongameli ebeka izimbali esitsheni seMinin nasePozharsky, uMphathribhi waseMoscow no-All Russia, i-Divine Liturgy esontweni elikhulu lomuzi Uspensky Cathedral weMoscow Kremlin. Futhi kusihlwa kuphela ngekhonsathi yomsoti. Zonke lezi zenzakalo zenzeka emadolobheni ahlukene ezweni futhi zihlelwe ngamaqembu ezombusazwe kanye nokunyakaza komphakathi ezweni.