I-General hypoplasia yokukhuluma (okufingqiwe njenge-OHR) yinkinga yokukhuluma lapho abantwana abanokuzwa nokuqonda okuvamile bephazamiseka ekubunjweni kwazo zonke izingxenye zesimiso sokukhuluma: i-phonetics, i-vocabulary kanye nolimi.
Izimbangela ze-OHP
- izifo ezehlukene ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
- ekuqaleni noma, ngokuphambene, i- toxicosis ephuzile ekukhulelweni ;
- ukungalingani kwe-Rh factor neqembu legazi lomntwana nonina;
- ukulimala noma ukubeletha ngesikhathi sokubeletha;
- izifo ezehlukene zesimiso sezinzwa eziphakathi;
- ukuhlukumezeka kobuchopho eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwengane.
Izici zezingane ezine-OHP
Naphezu kwezimbangela ezihlukahlukene zokukhubazeka, izingane ezine-OHR zinemibukiso ebonakalayo: amagama okuqala avela eduze neminyaka engu-3-4, inkulumo ingacacile, i-grammatical, hhayi ngokwanele, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane iyaqonda inkulumo yabanye, kodwa ayikwazi ukuhlela imicabango yakhe. Izingane ezinezinkinga eziphefumula zokuphefumula zibhekwa ngokunganakwa kahle, kanye nokuncipha kwenkumbulo yomlomo. Ngokuvamile, ukuba namakhono aphelele ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo okufanelekile eminyakeni yobudala, izingane ezine-OHR zihlangene nokuthuthukiswa kokucabanga okunengqondo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izingane zibonakala zilale ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwe-motor sphere.
Kunezigaba ezine ze-OHP
- Izinga eli-1 - izingane zingenkulumo engekho ngokuphelele, isilulumagama sabo siqukethe amagama "wokubambaza", i-onomatopoeia, isenzo sobuso nesenzo;
- I-Level 2 - iphikisiwe, noma kunjalo amagama ajwayelekile aqondakalayo ayengezwa kumazwi "wokubamba". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo sesilazamagama siphukile ngokucacile ezinganeni, kanti amathuba okubiza amagama aphethwe ngemuva kwesimiso seminyaka yobudala;
- I-Level 3 - sekuvele inkulumo ekhulisiwe, ingane ingakwazi ukubiza imisho yonke, kodwa kukhona ukwephulwa kohlobo lwefonti-phonemic kanye ne-lexical -grammatical. Ukukhulumisana kwamahhala nabanye kunzima, izingane zingakwazi ukuxhumana kuphela phambi kwabantu abaseduze abachaza izinkulumo zabo;
- Izinga le-4 - ayikho ukwephula ukukhiqizwa komsindo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abantwana abanalo isichazamazwi esihlukile, bavame ukudideka
izindawo zezinhlamvu zamagama kanye nemisindo. Ungaboni kuqala, lezi ziphutha zibonakala zingabalulekile, kodwa ekugcineni kwenza kunzima ingane ukuthi ifunde ukufunda nokubhala.
Ukwelashwa kwe-OHP
Enye yezingxenye zokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ye-OHR ukuqeqesha okuhleliwe nomuthi wezinkulumo. Futhi, kuhlinzekwa ukuxilongwa kwe-thérapie yokukhuluma, okusiza ukulungisa imisipha yokukhuluma ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomsindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuselela izinkulumo zokukhuluma zobuchopho nokuthuthukisa igazi, i-microcurrent reflexotherapy kanye nemithi ebizwa nge-nootropics isetshenziswa.