Izinsana zangaphambi kwesikhathi

Ukuzalwa kwengane engakafiki kusengaphambili kubhekwa njengesivivinyo esinzima kubazali, ngaphezu kwalokho, kulokhu, ingozi yokuthuthukisa izifo ezihlukahlukene iyanda. Izingane ezingaphambi kokuzalwa zingabantwana abazalwa phakathi kwamasonto angu-28 no-37 wokubeletha.

Izimbangela

Izizathu zokuzalwa kwengane ngaphambi kwesikhathi zingase zibe kanje:

• ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwesibindi ;
• ukungavamile kwesibeletho;
• ukutholakala kwe-pathology yangaphandle komama;
• ukutheleleka;
• ukulimazeka kanye nezifo ze-intrauterine ze-fetus;
• ukuchithwa kwe-placental ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
• i-gestosis;
• ukuba khona kwezingozi zomsebenzi kanye nemikhuba emibi yomama.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko

Cabanga ngezifo ezivame ukwedlula zonke izingane ezisenesikhathi esingaphansi kanye nezimo ezisongela ukuphila:

1. Ukungabi khona kwe-surfactant - into evimbela i-alveolus ukuba ingawa futhi iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwemaphaphu. Izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kufanele zilungiselele amalungiselelo okusebenza ukuze amaphaphu avumelane ngokushesha nokuphefumula okuzimele.
2. Vula i-arterial duct. Lesi sitsha esincane sixhuma i-aorta nomthambo we-pulmonary ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine. Ngemuva kokubeletha, igcwele, kepha lapho ibeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi ingaqhubeka isebenza, edinga ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa ngokwanele kwamasosha omzimba futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukutholakala okukhulu kunoma yiziphi izinxusa ezithathelwanayo, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane ezinomthelela.
4. I-retinopathy - umonakalo wokubuyisela emuva, okuyizimo ezinzima kungaholela ekubumpheni.
5. Ukungena kwe-entocolitis.

Isici esiyinhloko sezinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi kungukungakhangeli nokungafundi kahle kwazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo zokuhlala ngaphandle komzimba womama. Ngakho-ke, abantwana abanjalo badinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Ukuhlengikaza nokudla

Ukunakekela izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukugcina izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Kulo mntwana, kanye nalabo abazalwa ngesikhathi, ukuxhumana okuncane nomama kubalulekile. Phela, ezimweni zokuxhumana okungokomzwelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwakhe ngokomzimba kanye nengqondo kuyoba ngokushesha. Ukubeletha ingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi kufanele kunikelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Kulesi simo, isidingo sezakhi zomzimba sikhulu, kodwa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokugaya nokugaya namanje akusekho kahle. Ngenxa yalokho sithola izinkinga ezilandelayo zezinsana zangaphambi kokudla:

• obuthakathaka noma obunzima bokususa ngokuphelele, kanye nokugwinya kwe-reflex;
• isamba esincane sesisu;
• ukunciphisa ithoni kanye ne-peristalsis yamathumbu;
• ukungasebenzi okwanele noma okuphansi kwemithi enzyme enkulu yokugaya, kuhlanganise ne-lactases.

Izingane ezingaphambi kokuzalwa ezineminyaka engaphansi kwamasonto angama-33 ziboniswa zondla nge-probe. Le ndlela yokudla okunesidingo iyadingeka, njengabantwana abakuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kukhona ukuphazanyiswa kokuxhumana phakathi kwenqubo yokuncelisa nokugwinya futhi ngaleyo ndlela kukhona ingozi yokuyokoma ubisi. Njengokusetshenziswa kokudla kuboniswe ubisi lwebele noma ukuxuba okukhethekile. Ngesikhathi sokudla nge-probe ingane inganikezwa i-pacifier ezokhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwe-reflex esondla. Njengoba ingane ikhula futhi ikhula, kuvame ukudingekile ukusebenzisa isifuba futhi kancane kancane ushintshe ukuncelisa.

Qala inqubo yokunakekela izingane ezisencane ngaphambi kokubekwa kwengane ku-cuvette, ehlinzeka ngokubaluleka kokushisa okudingekayo, ukuhlinzeka nge-oxygen nokuvikelwa emiphumeleni emibi yezinto eziphilayo. Uma ngabe ingane izalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, enye yezinto zayo iwukuphela kokungabi khona okuphelele kwamafutha angaphansi. Kulesi simo, izitsha zegazi zitholakala eduze kwesikhumba. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinga lokushisa lishintshashintsha, kukhona ukukhwabanisa okusheshayo noma ukushisa okwedlulele kwenyama engapheli.