Ukugonywa kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe ingane ezifweni ezinzima njenge-hepatitis, isifo sofuba, i-poliomyelitis, i-rubella, ukukhwehlela, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus ne-parotitis. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutshwe imishanguzo, lezi zifo zathatha impilo yabantwana abaningi. Kodwa ngisho noma ngabe ingane ingasindiswa, izinkinga ezifana nokukhubazeka, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukungabi nabantwana, izinguquko ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo zashiya izingane eziningi ezikhubazekile ngokuphila. Ngenxa yezimo ezinzima emva kokugoma, abazali abaningi benqabe ukugoma izingane, le nkinga yezingane zisezincane kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingozi yezifo eziwumshayabhuqe iyanda ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lezingane ezingavunyelwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emithonjeni ehlukahlukene kunolwazi olusabekayo mayelana nemiphumela ebuhlungu ngemuva kokugoma. Abazali abanquma ukugoma isidingo sokuqonda ukuthi imishanguzo yenziwa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe.
Ukugonywa kungukungeniswa emzimbeni wezinambuzane ezibulewe noma ezibuthakathaka, noma izinto ezikhiqizwa yizimboni. Okusho ukuthi i-causative agent ye-causative yesifo isingenisiwe. Emva kokugoma, umzimba uqala ukuzivikela kwesifo esithile, kodwa awuguli. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ingane izobuthakathaka emva kokugoma, umzimba uzodinga ukusekelwa. Ukugonywa kuyinkinga enkulu emzimbeni, ngakho-ke kunemithetho ephoqelekile okufanele ibonwe ngaphambi nangemva kokugoma. Umthetho obaluleke kunazo zonke - ukugoma kungenziwa kuphela kubantwana abaphilile. Uma kwenzeka izifo ezingapheli, akufanele neze ugonywe ngesikhathi sokukhukhumeza. Kwezinye izifo, okungenani amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuphola kufanele kudlule, futhi kuphela kungenzeka ukuthi uphelele ukugoma. Ukuze ugweme ukucindezeleka ngemuva kokugoma, udokotela kufanele ahlole ingane - hlola umsebenzi wenhliziyo nezitho zokuphefumula, uhlole ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela mayelana nokuphendula okweqile. Emva kokugoma, kutuswa ukuba uhlale okungenani isigamu sehora ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela. Kuye ngesimo somntanakho, udokotela angancoma ukuthi athathe ama-antihistamines izinsuku ezingu-1-2 ngaphambi kokugoma ukuze kunciphise ukusabela okubangelwa ukugula. Ukushisa ngemuva kokugoma ingane kungakhula masinyane, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba uqale ukuthatha i-antipyretics ngaphambi noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokugoma. Lokhu kuyadingeka ikakhulu uma izinga lokushisa ngemuva kokugoma selikhulile kakade ngesikhathi sokugonywa kwangaphambilini. Ukungavikeleki kulesi sifo kuthuthukiswa ezinyangeni eziyi-1-1,5, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokugoma, impilo yengane akufanele ibe yingozi, kubalulekile ukugwema i-hypothermia, ukugcina ingculazi ngamavithamini. Izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-1-2 emva kokugoma komntwana akunconywa ukuba ageze, ikakhulukazi uma ukuzivikela kwakhe kunobuthakathaka.
Ukugoma ngayinye kungahambisana nokushintsha okuthile esimweni somntwana, okubhekwa njengokujwayelekile futhi angasongeli impilo, kodwa kungase kube nezinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Abazali kudingeka bazi ukuthi isimo somntwana emva kokugoma kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile, futhi lapho kubalulekile khona ukufuna usizo.
Umgomo ovela ku-hepatitis B wenziwa ngosuku lokuqala emva kokuzalwa kwengane. Ngemuva kokugoma ngokumelene nesifo sofuba, impendulo evumelekile yesikhuthazo esincane nokuhlushwa endaweni yokujova eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2, ubuthakathaka, ukwanda kancane kwezinga lokushisa, ikhanda lokukhanda. Uma kwenzeka ezinye izinguquko esimweni, buza udokotela.
Umgomo wokulwa nesifo sofuba i-BCG ulawulwa ngosuku lwesithupha mhla zingama-6 emva kokuzalwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa esibhedlela ngokuvamile akusikho imithi yokugoma, futhi emva kwezinyanga ezingu-1-1,5 endaweni yokujola kubonakala sengathi ukungena okuncane kuya ku-8 mm ububanzi. Emva kwalokho, i-pustule efana ne-vial ibonakala, i-crust isakhiwe. Ngenkathi i-crust ingaveli, kuyadingeka ukuba ubukele, ukuze ukutheleleka kungabanjwa, ngenkathi kugeza, akufanele uhlile indawo yokugoma. Ngezinyanga ezingu-3-4 izinyathelo zokuqoqa futhi zihlala zikhona ukonakala omncane. Kumudokotela ngemuva kokugoma, i-BCG kufanele ilashwe uma kungekho ukuphendula kwendawo noma uma kubomvu okuqinile noma ukuxhaswa okuqhubekayo kuzungeze i-pustule.
Ngemuva kokugoma ngokumelene ne-poliomyelitis, akumele kube khona ukusabela, nanoma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni somntwana, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela.
Ngemuva kokugoma kwe-DTP (okuvela ku-diphtheria, i-tetanus ne-pertussis) izinkinga zivame. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izingxenye zomuthi ngamunye zisetshenziselwa ukuvuselelwa okulandelayo. Kungase kube nokwanda kokushisa kuya ku-38.5 ° C, ukuwohloka okuncane esimweni. Lokhu kusabela kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5 futhi akuyingozi ingane. Ezimweni lapho, emva kokugoma kwe-DPT, isikhumba sibe yindawo encane kakhulu futhi sihlukumeze endaweni yokujova, izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-38.5 ° C, futhi isimo sibucayi futhi sibuhlungu kakhulu, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela. Ngokuvamile ngemva kokugoma, kutholakala ihlama, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuphathwa okungalungile komgomo. Ama-bumps anjalo ahlakazeka kungakapheli inyanga, kodwa ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukuba ochwepheshe avele.
Uma ugonywa ngamagundane (amamitha) emva kokugoma, uphawu oluncane lungase luvele. Izithobezi ze-parotid zingase zande, ubuhlungu besisu obufushane besikhathi esifushane bungenzeka. Ukushisa emva kokugoma ngokumelene namagundane kuphakama ngokungavamile futhi kufushane.
Emntwaneni emva kokungenwa kwe-inoculation kusuka kumasimungumane kaningi kukhona izinguquko zesimo. Lo mgomo uhlinzekwa kanye uma uneminyaka engu-1. Ezimweni ezingavamile, izimpawu zesimungumzimba zingabonakala ezinsukwini ezingu-6-14 emva kokugoma. Ukushisa kuphakama, impumu egijima ibonakala, iziphuphu ezincane esikhumbeni zingavela. Izimpawu ezinjalo ziyanyamalala zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Uma ingane ngemuva kokugoma igula isikhathi eside, khona-ke kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela.
Emva kokugoma ngokumelene ne-tetanus , ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic okusongela ukuphila kungase kuthuthuke. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, izimpawu zokungezwani kufanele zifunwe usizo.
Emva kokugoma ngokumelene nerubella, imiphumela emibi ayibonakali kaningi. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nezimpawu ze-rubella ngemuva kokugoma, ukubonakala kwe-rash, ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes. Ungase ube nekhala eligijima, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane.
Uma ukugoma kuvunyelwe kuphela indlela yomuntu ngamunye kwengane ngayinye. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuya ezikhungweni ezikhethekile noma kudokotela womndeni owazi impilo yengane futhi angachazela abazali zonke izinhlobo zegciwane lokugoma kanye nokuqapha isimo somntwana emva kokugoma. Indlela yokusebenza izokunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga ngemuva kokugoma, ngakho-ke uma abazali benquma ukwenza umgomo, kuyadingeka ukuba balungiselele futhi bathembele kahle impilo yezingane zabo kuphela kubachwepheshe abanolwazi.