Iyini i-hepatitis, futhi yiziphi izingozi zazo zonke izinhlobo zokuvuvuka kwesibindi?

Isibindi yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Kuyinto ingqikithi yokufihla kwangaphandle, okuyiyona eyabangela ukungathathi hlangothi kwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali anobuthi, ukujwayelekile kokujikeleza kwegazi, ukugaya nezinye izinqubo. Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi sesibindi kubizwa ngokuthi i-hepatitis. Leli gama lihlanganisa iqembu lezifo ezivela emvelaphi ehlukile.

I-Hepatitis - Species

Ngokusho kwenkambiso yezokwelapha, lesi sifo sihlukaniswa ngesimo esibucayi nesiguli. Ngenhloso yokwelashwa okufanelekile kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi i-hepatitis eyenziwa ngenxa yokwehlukana kwe-etiotropic (yini eyabangela):

• esithathelwanayo (igciwane);
• i-toxic;
• i-autoimmune;
• ibhulogi.

I-hepatitis enamandla

Ngalolu hlobo lwesifo, ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kwenzeka ngezimpawu ezinzima ezibonakala kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala. Ukwazi ukuthi i-hepatitis iyini nokuthi ibonakala kanjani, kulula ukuyihlolisisa ifomu layo eliyingozi futhi uqale ukwelapha. Lolu hlobo lwesifo lunomqondo omuhle futhi ezimweni eziningi ziphela ekutholeni, akuvamile ukuthola inkambo eqhubekayo.

I-hepatitis engapheli

Isithombe somtholampilo senqubo yokuvuvukala sincane, lesi sifo siyaqhubeka isikhathi eside. Abantu abanezinhlamvu ezingapheli ze-hepatitis ukuthi kunezibonakaliso ezingekho emthethweni kuphela. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, isifo esivilaphayo siholela ekwakheni isibindi se-cirrhosis. Lesi yisimo lapho amangqamuzana avamile e-parenchyma yakhe athathwa khona yizicubu ezixhunyiwe futhi alahlekelwe imisebenzi yawo. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo sinzima kangangokuba kukhona umdlavuza oyinhloko wesibindi.

Izifo Ze-Hepatitis

Imvelaphi yokuvuvukala incike efomini kanye nemvelo ye-pathology eyethulwa. Kulula ukuthola ukuthi yini eyabangela isifo sofuba esithathelwanayo - izindlela zokutheleleka zihambisana ne-causative agent yesifo esinjalo (igciwane, ibhethri, ama-parasite). Kwezinye izimo kunzima ukunquma imbangela yangempela ye-pathology, kodwa cishe ayisithinti isisekelo sokwelashwa eziyisisekelo.

I-hepatitis esithathelwanayo

Lesi sifo siyinhloko futhi sesibili. Ezimweni eziningi, i-hepatitis yegciwane iyatholakala. Ikhuthaza izifo eziphilayo ezihambelanayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezinjalo zokukhubazeka:

1. I-Hepatitis A (isifo sikaBotkin). Ukuvuvukala kubangelwa igciwane le-HAV. Idluliselwa ngomzila we-fecal-oral, okusho amanzi anesifo kanye nokudla.
2. I-hepatitis B. Isizathu yisifo se-HBV. Batheleleke ngezocansi, ezifuywayo, eziqondile. I-agent ye causative itholakala kumaprotheni eziphilayo zamanzi - umuthi, igazi, amathe kanye nabanye.
3. I-hepatitis C. i- HCV igciwane futhi isakazwa nge-fluid fluids, imbangela ejwayelekile yokutheleleka kubhekwa njengokuthintana negazi eligciwane.
4. I-hepatitis D. Izifo zihambisana neyesibili ye-pathology. Ukungena kwegciwane le-HDV kwenzeka noma kanye noma emva kokutheleleka nge-HBV. Indlela yokudlulisela ihamba ngegazi kanye neziqephu zalo.
5. I-hepatitis E. Lolu hlobo lokuvuvukala lufana nesifo sikaBotkin , esiyinkimbinkimbi yokuxilongwa. Igciwane liyadluliselwa ngomzila we-fecal-oral.
6. I-hepatitis F. Izinhlobo ezingaziwa, ezaziwa ngemiphumela yocwaningo kanye nedatha ye-epidemiological. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo lwesifo, ama-virus amabili ahloswe ukuthuthukisa ngemuva kokutheleleka ngezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis futhi adluliselwa nge-fluid fluids.
7. I-hepatitis G. I-agent ye causative inezinhlobo eziningana ezikhona. Igciwane le-HGV lingena emzimbeni ngegazi nangesondo esingavimbelwe, kepha akukacaci ukuthi ngokuzimela kudala inqubo yokuvuvukala noma ihlotshaniswa nohlobo oluhlukile lwesifo.
8. I-hepatitis yesibili. Ukunqotshwa kwesibindi kungaphathelene namagciwane we- herpes , i-rubella, i-Lassa fever, izimpumputhe nabanye.

Amafomu e-bacterial athuthukisa ngokusuka ngemuva kwe-syphilis ne- leptospirosis . Izinhlobo ze-parasitic ze-hepatitis ziwumphumela wezifo ezinjalo:

• i-toxoplasmosis ;
• amebiasis;
• i-schistosomiasis;
• i-opisthorchiasis ;
• fascioliasis.

I-hepatitis enobuthi

Ukulimala kwezicubu zesibindi kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yobuthi obubi. Uma ungaqondi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-hepatitis futhi lusebenzisa ukwelashwa okungafanelekile, izinkinga eziyingozi zingakhula. Izimbangela zokuvuvukala kwesibindi kulesi simo zilandelayo:

• ukuphathwa kabi kotshwala;
• ukulutha izidakamizwa;
• ukuthatha imithi;
• ukuxwala ngamakhemikhali.

I-Hepatitis ye-autoimmune

Isifo esingavamile esitholakala kuphela ngesimo esingapheli, okuvame ukuholela e-cirrhosis eqhubekayo. Kuze kube manje akukazanga kwenzeke ukuthi kungani isibindi esinjalo sibonakala - ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kuqala ngaphandle kwezizathu ezisobala. Kungenzeka ukuthi kubangelwa ithonya lezimo ezimbi ezingokwemvelo kubantu abanezici ezithile zezakhi zofuzo.

I-Radiation Hepatitis

Uhlobo olucatshangelwe lokuvuvukala lubhekwa ikakhulukazi emdlalweni wegciwane ngemuva kokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-ionizing. Abamele ezinye zezobuchwepheshe bane-hepatitis - izimbangela zokuqala zihlanganisa:

• ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zemisebe;
• izingozi ezitshalweni zamandla enyukliya;
• ukuhlola usebenzisa imisebe ye-ionizing nezinye izici.

Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi - izimpawu

Umfanekiso wesitholampilo we-pathology uxhomeke esimweni se-course yesifo. Ngendlela elula, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sofuba zifana nokutheleleka ngomkhuhlane:

• ukushisa;
• ubuthakathaka, ubuqili, ukunganaki;
• ikhanda;
• ukuwohloka kwesifiso;
• isikhala sesikhumba;
• ukuthuthumela;
• ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle;
• isicasuli;
• ukoma.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi yini isibindi-ukuvuvukala kwesibindi se-parenchyma. Kancane kancane, izimpawu ezingenhla zihlanganiswa nezimpawu ezithile:

• ukumnyama komchamo;
• i-jaundice yesikhumba, i-sclera nama-membrane amancane;
• ukucaciswa kocingo;
• ubuthongo obunzima;
• ukujwayelekile komshini wokushisa komzimba noma ukunciphisa ukulinganisa kwamagugu;
• ukungabi nesifiso sokudla, i- anorexia ;
• ukuphazamiseka kwesifo.

Izimpawu ze-hepatitis ezingapheli zibizwa kancane, ngokuvamile isifo esivilaphayo asihambisani nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Kungenzeka ukusola izinqubo zokuvuvukala esibindi ngokwemifanekiso yesitholampilo:

• ubuhlungu besikhathi esifanele ngakwesokudla, ukuqinisa ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba nokusebenzisa ukudla okunzima, utshwala;
• ukubomvu kwesikhumba ezintendeni ;
• i-yellowing kancane ye-sclera;
• izinkinga zesitoreji;
• flatulence;
• iphunga elimnandi noma ukunambitheka emlonyeni;
• ukuwohloka kwesifiso;
• isicanucanu, ukuhlanza okungavamile;
• ukuthambekela kokulimaza nokuphuma;
• izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme;
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
• ukukhathala;
• ikhanda;
• ukuqonda kwengqondo;
• ukwanda kwesibindi sebindi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesifo sofuba

Ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology ephakanyisiwe kuqala ngokuhlola nokubuzwa komuntu, ukukhomba izimpawu zesimiso sokuvuvukala. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukusola kusizwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngenxa yesifo sofuba, lapho imiphumela yokuhlushwa kwe-bilirubin ne-aminotransferase itholakele. Uma imbangela yalesi sifo igciwane, kukhona i-causative agent ku-fluid biological. Uma kwenzeka umphumela wokuzenzakalela wokuvuvukala egazini, izinga eliphezulu lama-antibodies linqunywa:

• kuma microsomes esibindi;
• i-antinuclear;
• ukushelela amaseli we-muscle.

Ukuze kucacise ukuxilongwa, udokotela uqoqa idatha ngezici ezilandelayo:

• umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe;
• uxhumane nama-poisons nezinye izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali;
• ukwamukela izidakamizwa ze-hepatotoxic;
• izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezingokwemvelo;
• ukuvezwa kwemisebe ye-ionizing;
• ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa;
• amathuba kanye nokuphindaphindiwe kokuthintana ne-biological fluids.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba

Ukwelashwa kwenzelwa udokotela onolwazi futhi kuncike ekutheni uhlobo lwe-pathology. Kunezinketho ezintathu zokuphatha ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, ezisetshenziselwa ukufana:

• amalungiselelo ezemithi;
• imithi yamakhemikhali;
• ukudla okukhethekile.

Ukulungiselela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-hepatitis luhambisana nokukhululwa kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezinobuthi, okuyinto enobungozi emzimbeni futhi ivimbele imisebenzi yokuhlunga yezinhlayiya zokufihla kwangaphandle. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukwelapha ukuxilongwa kwe-detoxification kwenziwa kuqala, okuhloswe ukuhlanza igazi kanye nokucubungula izinqubo ze-metabolic. Ukuxuba (nge-dropper) kuqaliswa izixazululo:

• i-glucose ne-vitamin C;
• i-chloride ye-sodium ene-hepatoprotector (Glutargin noma i-analogue);
• I-Rheosorbylact ne-synonyms.

Ukwengeza, ama-sorbents wokuphatha ngomlomo anqunywe:

• I-Atoxyl;
• I-Enterosgel ;
• I-Polysorb.

Ukumisa imisipha yemisipha ebushelelezi isebenzise ama-nyxes:

• I-Papaverine;
• Kodwa-Shpa;
• I-Drotaverine ne-analogues.

Ukuze ubuyisele amaseli we-parenchyma yensimbi ewonakele futhi ivuselele imisebenzi yayo, i-hepatoprotectors isiza:

• Essentiale;
• I-Heptral;
• Sowaldi;
• I-Karsil ne-analogues.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kuncike kulokho okwabangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi - ukwelashwa kungafaka imithi ehlukene ehambisana nezifo eziphilayo ze-pathogen:

• i-antiviral (i-Interferon, i-Telaprevir nama-synonyms);
• ama-antibiotics (i-Doxycycline, i-Oxycycline nabanye);
• i-antiparasitic (Praziquantel, Albendazole kanye nezifaniso);
• ama-hormone e-corticosteroid (i-Prednisolone, i-Methylprednisolone ne-synonyms).

Ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle nokusiza isimo sesiguli, ukwelashwa okuyisimiso kunqunywe, okufaka:

• imithi ye-antipyretic;
• amavithamini;
• i-antiemetics;
• ama-enzyme yokugaya nezinye izidakamizwa.

Amakhambi okuvuvukala kwesibindi

Ikhambi elidumile kunazo zonke lomuthi wesifo sofuba yisifo sofuba. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudla kwayo, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukuthatha amafutha. Kunconywa ukuthi ubisi lwe-milks udle 1 ithisipuni izikhathi ezingu-5 ngosuku, ngendlela ehlanzekile, ugeze ngamanzi, noma wengeze ekudleni okulungiselelwe. Amafutha omquba kufanele adakwe 5 ml izikhathi ezingu-3-5 ngosuku ngesigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla, izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba nesiluleko samadoda kuhlanganisa nezinye izindlela zokupheka, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinomkhiqizo wezinyosi. Ukuphumelela umuthi ovela uju (isipuni esingu-1) ne-pergia noma impova (1 ithisipuni). Le nhlanganisela isisiza ukubhekana nokudakwa komzimba, okuba nomthelela omuhle empilweni yonke futhi kukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwesibindi ngokushesha.

I-sorbent yokutshala

Izithako :

• imbewu ye-oat - 1 ingilazi;
• amanzi - ilitha eli-1.

Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza

1. Thela ama-oats ahlanzekile ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa.
2. Ngamahora angu-12.
3. Letha isixazululo semathumba.
4. Pheka eminye imizuzu engama-30 ekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu ngaphansi kwesivalo esivaliwe ngokuqinile.
5. Gcoba umkhiqizo ngendwangu elincane bese ushiye amanye amahora angu-12.
6. Gwema umuthi.
7. Phuza u-0.5 inkomishi yomhluzi okwesikhashana sehora ngaphambi kokudla, izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku.

Yidla ngesibindi sokuvuvukala

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezichazwe kuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kokudla okudingekayo ekukhuculweni kwesibindi. Isisekelo sokudla siwukuqonda ukuthi yini i-hepatitis - inqubo yokuvuvukala emgodini wobumfihlo wangaphandle, ophula umsebenzi wayo nemisebenzi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, yonke imikhiqizo edala umthwalo esibindiwe ayifakiwe kwimenyu:

• imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngebhotela ne-puff pastry;
• isinkwa esisha nesinkwa;
• amanani amafutha enyama, inhlanzi, izinkukhu;
• by-imikhiqizo;
• imikhiqizo yokubhema;
• i-caviar;
• ukudla okusemathinini;
• ukukhethwa;
• ama-sausages;
• izimoto zemikhumbi;
• amaqanda;
• amafutha ezilwane;
• imifino ebangela ukuvuthwa emathunjini (ugarlic, isithombo, iklabishi, i-sorrel nabanye);
• amakhowe;
• izinwele;
• Isosi enezilimo ezingenakudliwa kanye nosanhlamvu;
• zonke izinongo;
• usawoti (okulinganiselwe kakhulu);
• izithelo eziqinile neziqinile;
• amajikijolo namahlamvu;
• amaswidi;
• amafutha, i-curd emuncu;
• ubisi;
• ukhilimu;
• ushizi obukhali;
• izitshalo ezimnandi;
• i-macaroni;
• i-porridge egumbini, kubandakanya i-millet, ibhali, ibhali;
• i-cocoa;
• utshwala;
• ikhofi;
• iziphuzo ezibandayo nezibandayo.

Yini ongayidla ngesibindi sokuvuvukala kwesibindi:

• isinkwa esimhlophe sangozolo, ama-biscuits;
• inyama enomzimba, inhlanzi, izinkukhu kuphela ngesimo sezinyosi;
• i-steam protein omelet;
• Ubisi olunamafutha aphansi kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi omuncu;
• amafutha yemifino nebhotela (kancane);
• Ubisi (ngamanzi ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1: 1) ubhuloho obunamanzi;
• isobho semifino;
• imifino enamanzi, abilisiwe noma aphekwe, agwetshiwe;
• Amajikijolo avuthiwe namahle, izithelo;
• i-jelly;
• i-marshmallow;
• i-kissel;
• i-pastille;
• umhluzi we-dogrose;
• uzvar;
• itiye nobisi kanye nemon;
• izithelo ezimnandi, amaberry, utamatisi amajuji;
• namanje amanzi.

Ukuvimbela isifo sofuba

Ukuxwayisa izifo ezihlolwe kalula, uma ukuhambisana neminye imithetho. Ukwazi ukuthi yisifo sofuba esithathelwanayo, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka, ukugwema izenzo ezingavumelekile zocansi. Kudingekile ukuhlola ubuncwane bezinsimbi zomsebenzi ngezinqubo ezihlotshaniswa noxhumana ne-fluid fluids. Impendulo yombuzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukubamba i-hepatitis ngesikhathi sokugcoba umzimba, tattoo nezinqubo ezifanayo, kulungile, ngakho-ke ukuphathwa okunjalo akunakwenziwa ezindaweni ezingaqinisekisiwe. Kusukela kwezinye izinhlobo ze-viral pathology kunezindlela zokugoma eziphumelelayo.