Funda ngeminye yemidwebo edumile lapho sikwazi ukubona khona futhi sichaze "phansi kabili".
Abaningi abadwebi bafaka imidwebo yabo eminye imininingwane efihliwe, imfihlakalo noma imfumbe abagxeki nabanye ochwepheshe bazama ukuyiqonda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
1. I-Hieronymus Bosch, IJardin of Distances of Life, 1500-1510.
UJerun van Aken wasayina imidwebo yakhe "Hieronymus Bosch". Wayengumuntu owenza kahle futhi wayeyilungu lobuzalwane bamaKatolika boMama kaNkulunkulu. Kodwa-ke, okungenzeka ukuthi ngemuva ngemuva kuka-Erun van Aken wagcina iminwe yakhe iwela, ngoba ngokwemibono yezazi-mlando, uBoch wayengumuntu ohlubukayo futhi oyingxenye yehlelo lama-Adamu futhi ngakho-ke wayemhlonipha u-Qatari ubuqili.
Ngalezo zinsuku, iSonto LamaKatolika lalikhungethwe yi-Cathars yonke indawo, futhi umculi kwakufanele azifihle izinkolelo zakhe. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwabahlaziyi bezobuciko emhlabeni jikelele, ku-ifilimu ethi "IJardin of Delightful Earthly" kwakuyikholo yakhe eyimfihlo yombumbulu, lapho ekhuluma ngemfundiso yeCathars, eyayibhalwe ngekhodi. Kodwa uma abaphila ngesikhathi sakhe beqagela lokhu, ke uBossch, ongenalungelo lokulungiswa, uzoshiswa esigxotsheni.
2. Tivadar Kostka Chontwari, Old Fisherman, 1902
Ukuze sithole umbono walesi sithombe, kwakudingeka sigxilise isibuko phakathi. Ngesikhathi sokuphila komculi, lokhu akuyona iphazili yengane futhi ayikwazanga ukuyithola. Kodwa uma abahlaziyi bamanje bezobuciko beza ukucabanga ngokusebenza ngesibuko, bamangaliswa yilokho abakubonayo, njengoba isithombe esisodwa sibonisa ubuso abathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Owokuqala ubuso bangempela bomdobi omdala, owesibili nowesithathu yizinto zakhe ezifihlakeleyo: idemoni (kuboniswe ehlombe lesokunxele) kanye nobuhle (kuboniswe ehlombe lokunene).
3. Hendrik van Antonissen, Ukubukeka kolwandle olwandle lwaseSchveningen, ngo-1641.
Ngenkathi le ngqangi ingena emnyuziyamu njengesipho esivela kumfundisi kanye nomqoqo wesikhathi esithile ngo-1873, khona-ke esithombeni abantu babuthana ngesimo sezulu esibi babheke elwandle kuphela. Lokhu akuzange kube nesiphambeko sosukuluku lwabachwepheshe, ngoba kwakungaqondakali ukuthi yini engadonsela abantu ogwini esimweni esibi sezulu.
Imfihlakalo yabonakaliswa kamuva ngokubuyiselwa ngokucophelela. Lapho ekhanyiselwa yi-X-ray, lesi sithombe sabonisa isidumbu se-whale, esaphonswa kulwandle. Kwabe sekucacile ukuthi kwakudonsela ukunakwa kwabo bonke laba bantu. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa, i-whale yabonakala emdwebeni, futhi lo mdwebo wobuciko waba mnandi kakhulu, ngakho wanikezwa indawo ehloniphekile kunazo zonke ngaphambili. Ngokuphakanyiswa kwababuyiselwayo, i-whale ingasuswa futhi ihlolwe ngumculi ngokwakhe, owacabanga ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ozofuna ukucabanga ngesidalwa sasolwandle esifile esithombeni.
4. Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1495-1498.
Ngesikhathi umculi edala lo mdwebo oyingcweti, ngaphezu kwakho konke waqaphela izibalo eziyinhloko - uKristu noJuda. Akazange akwazi ukuthola abahleli abafanelekile isikhathi eside, kepha ngelinye ilanga wahlangana nomlingisi osemusha esontweni lesonto futhi wakopisha isithombe sikaKristu kuye. Nokho, kwadingeka afune indoda ngomfanekiso kaJuda iminyaka emithathu, kuze kube yilapho umculi ehlangana nesidakwa esilele emgodini.
Kwakungumfana osemusha, owayebukeka obonakalisa ukudakwa kokudakwa. Futhi, ngemuva kokudabuka uDa Vinci eqala ukubhala naye isithombe sikaJudas, udakwa wathi usevele wambuza iminyaka emithathu edlule. Kwakukhona ukuthi le ndoda ewile yayingumculi omusha owayefuna isithombe sikaKristu.
5. Rembrandt, Night Watch, 1642
Umdwebo omkhulu kakhulu womculi watholakala kuphela ngekhulu le-XIX, ngemva kwalokho wavakashela amahholo adumile emhlabeni ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Night Watch". Wanikezela isihloko esithombeni ngoba kubonakala sengathi izibalo zenza isizinda esingumnyama, okusho - ebusuku. Futhi kuphela phakathi naphakathi kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka ababuyiseli bathola ukuthi isithombe ngezikhathi sihlanganiswa nesendlalelo sosizi. Ngemuva kokuqeda lo mdlalo, kwacaca ukuthi lesi senzakalo senzeke emini, ngoba isithunzi esiwela ngakwesobunxele saKaputeni Cock sibonisa ukuthi isikhathi sesenzo silinganiselwa ku-14.00.
6. Henri Matisse, isikebhe, 1937
Ngo-1967, umdwebo kaHenri Matisse "The Boat" ka-1937 waboniswa eMyuziyamu yaseNew York. Kodwa-ke, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-47, omunye wabachwepheshe waqaphela ukuthi isithombe cishe sithunyelwe "sibheke phansi". Izakhi ezibalulekile zesithombe ziyizi-2 ezihamba, enye yazo ibonakala emanzini. Ngakho-ke, kunguqulo efanele, umkhumbi omkhulu kufanele ube phezulu, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kufanele kubheke ngakwesokudla kwekhoneni elingakwesokudla.
7. Vincent van Gogh, Self-portrait nge tube, 1889.
Endlebeni eveziwe yeVan Gogh, izinganekwane sezivele sezihamba. Abaningi bathi uyaziqhenya, kepha kwakwamukelwa ukuthi kwakungumthetho okholelwa ngokwengeziwe, ukuthi indlebe yabhekana nomculi ngokulwa okuncane nomunye umculi - uPaul Gauguin. Imfihlo yalesi sithombe yukuthi lo mculi wayedweba isithombe sakhe esibukweni: indlebe yesokudla iboshiwe esithombeni, kodwa empeleni yalimala indlebe ngakwesobunxele.
8. Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930
Emidwebeni yaseMelika, lesi sithombe, ngobuso obubuhlungu obubuhlungu babantu base-Iowa, kubhekwa njengento ehlukumeza kakhulu futhi ecindezelayo. Ngemuva kokuthi umbukiso uboniswe eChicago e-Art Institute, abahluleli abazange bamnike umvuzo omkhulu ngokushesha futhi balinganiswa njengesithombe esinezithombe. Kodwa-ke, umgcini we-museum wamangala futhi ukholelwa ukuthi izithombe zendawo zasemaphandleni zaleso sikhathi zibonakala lapha. Wathonya umphumela wokuhlolwa kokugcina, futhi ekugcineni uGrant Wood wathola umklomelo we $ 300, emva kwalokho umyuziyamu wathengisa lesi sithombe ngokushesha. Ngakho isithombe sawela emaphephandabeni amaphephandaba.
Noma kunjalo, lesi sithombe asizange sibangele ukuhlonishwa okunjalo, njengokungathi ku-curator, phakathi kwabakhileyo base-Iowa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ulwandle lokugxeka lwawela phezu kwalo msebenzi, futhi ama-Aiovtsi agxeka kakhulu, ukuthi lo mculi wabonakalisa ebuhlungu futhi obunzima. Kamuva, lo mculi wachaza ukuthi edabula izwe lase-Iowa, wahlangana nendlu emhlophe ekhangayo, eyakhiwe ngesitayela sokuthi i-Gothic yokukhetha, futhi wanquma ukwakha izakhamuzi zakhe ngokucabanga kwakhe, futhi akafuni ukucasula abantu bakuleli zwe.
Lo mculi wavula ngisho namagama abahleli lapho abhala khona izithombe: intombazane engaphansi kwendwangu engabonakali yayibhala evela kudadewabo, kanti umuntu osenqenqemeni obhekene nokubukeka kanzima ngumhlengikazi wamazinyo, ophikisana nomuntu ophilayo. Noma kunjalo, uDade Wood wahlala enganelisekile, wathi esithombeni wayengase aphuthele ngomfazi kabili indoda endala. Ngakho-ke, kuphela ngamazwi akhe kukholakala ukuthi le ngubo ibonisa uyise nendodakazi, kodwa umculi akazange akhulume ngakho.
9. USalvador Dali, intombi encane ezinikela eSodoma isono ngosizo lwezimpondo zobumsulwa bakhe, ngo-1954.
Kwaze kwaba yilapho umhlangano weGala uSalvador Dali ungumdwebo we-muse kanye nesikhathi esithile-udadewabo u-Anna Maria. Futhi ngo-1925 isithombe "Umfanekiso ngeWindows" sanyatheliswa. Kodwa ngelinye ilanga umculi wesaba ukushiya umbhalo ohlambalaza komunye wemisebenzi yakhe ngomama wabo: "Ngezinye izikhathi ngiphonsela emfanekisweni womama wami, futhi kunginika injabulo." Ngalesi sici esishaqisayo udade wayengeke akwazi ukumthethelela, emva kwalokho ubuhlobo babo behlehliswa.
Futhi lapho u-Anna Maria ngo-1949 enyathelisa incwadi yakhe enesihloko esithi "Salvador Dali ngeDade lika-Eyes," akazange achaze ukuhlonishwa komculi, okwenza u-El Salvador ngokwakhe athukuthele. Futhi, ngokusho kwezazi, ngokuphindiselela udadewabo wencwadi ngo-1954, umculi owenziwe kabi wenza isithombe "Intombazane encane ezinikela eSodoma isono ngosizo lwezimpondo zokuzihlambulula kwakhe." Kulesi sithombe, indawo engaphandle kwefasitela, ama-curls abomvu newindi evulekile ngokucacile ihlangene nesithombe "Mfanekiso Ngaphandle Kwangaphandle."
10. I-Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn, uDanae, 1636-1647
Phakathi nomsebenzi wokubuyisela ema-60s ekhulwini lama-20, isithombe sakhanyiswa yi-X ray, ngemva kwalokho saziwa ukuthi uDanae unobuso obubili. Ekuqaleni, ubuso bendodakazi yenkosi babhaliwe kusukela esithombeni somfazi womculi uSaskia. Nokho, umkakhe wafa ngo-1642, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, u-Rembrandt waqala ukuhlala nenkosikazi yakhe uHertie Dirks. Ngakho-ke, umdwebo usuqedile umdwebi kakade kuye, futhi ubuso bukaDanae buguqukile, bufana nomfanekiso we-Dirks.
11. Leonardo da Vinci, Portrait kaMadame Lisa del Giocondo, 1503-1519.
Kulo lonke izwe, Mona Lisa ubonakala ephelele, futhi ukumamatheka kwakhe kunomusa futhi kuyimfihlakalo. Imfihlakalo yalokhu kumamatheka yazama ukucacisa ubuciko bomdwebo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo nodokotela wamazinyo waseMelika uJoseph Borkowski. Ngokomcwaningi wakhe wombono, i-theory iye yafakwa phambili ngokuthi "i-Mona Lisa enhle" iyamamatheka ngokungaqondakali ngesizathu esisodwa esilula - ayinayo amazinyo amaningi. Ukufunda izingcezu ezikhulisiwe zomlomo wakhe, uJoseph waze wacabanga ngezibazi, ngakho-ke uthi kukhona okwenzekile ku-heroine, ngenxa yalokho alahlekelwa amazinyo amaningi. Futhi ukumomotheka kwakhe kubonakala kumuntu ongenayo amazinyo angaphambili.
Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe 12 Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix, Freedom in the Barricades, 1830
Isazi-mlando wezobuciko u-Etienne Julie ukholelwa ukuthi isithombe seLiberty sabhalwa kusukela ku-revolutionary odumile waleso sikhathi u-Anna Charlotte, owayengumuntu ovamile nowase-wesifazane ngomsebenzi. Lo wesifazane okhulelwe wahamba waya emagcekeni futhi wabulala amasosha asebukhosini abangu-9. Esimweni esinesibindi, ukufa komfowabo, owawela ezandleni zabagcini, wamvusa. Isifuba esingenalutho eFrance esithombeni kusho ukuthi intando yeningi nenkululeko ngokwayo ifana nomuntu ojwayelekile ongazange agqoke ama-corsets.
13. Kazimir Malevich, Black Suprematist Square, 1915
Abanye abantu babonisa amandla amanga ku-Black Square yaseMalevich. Nokho, njengoba kwenzeka, umbhali akazange abeke noma yini imilingo kulo mfanekiso, futhi isithombe empeleni sabizwa ngokuthi "I-Battle of Negroes Emgodini Omnyama". Umbhalo onjalo wawutholwa ochwepheshe be-Gallery ye-Tretyakov.
Isikwele sabonakala singabi sikwele, ngoba akekho ohlangothini olufana nolunye, kodwa akusilo ukunganakwa komculi, kodwa isifiso sakhe sokwakha ifomu le-dynamically mobile. Futhi abamnyama kuphela umphumela wokuxuba imibala ye-shades ehlukene. Cishe, uMalevich wasabela esithombeni somunye umculi u-Alfons Alla, owadweba umugqa omnyama ngokuphelele, ebiza umsebenzi othi "I-Battle of the Negroes Emgodini Omnyama Ebusuku."
14. UGustav Klimt, Isithombe sika-Adele Bloch-Bauer, 1907
Ngaphandle kwemfihlo yalesi sithombe kukhona unxantathu onothando phakathi kwenkosikazi kaBloch-Bauer, umyeni wakhe nomculi uKlimt. Okubalulekile ukuthi phakathi komkami we-magnate sugar and umculi othandwayo kulezo zinsuku, uthando oluvuthayo oluthambile, futhi mhlawumbe wonke uVienna wayazi ngalokhu.
Lapho lezi zindaba zifika kumyeni ka-Adele Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, wanquma ukuziphindisela ezithandweni zakhe ngendlela engavamile.
Ebhekene nokukhashelwa komkakhe, uMnu. Bloch-Bauer waphendukela kumthandi wakhe uGustav Klimt ngomyalelo: ukubhala isithombe somkakhe. U-tycoon oyisimungulu wanquma ukuthi uzokwenqaba ama-portraits omkakhe, futhi lo mdwebi kuzodingeka enze amakhulu emidwebo emisha. Futhi lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthi lo mculi avele emfanekisweni u-Adele Bloch-Bauer. Khona-ke u-Adele kufanele abone indlela intshiseko kaKlimt yokuqeda ngayo, futhi inkaba izophela.Ngenxa yalokho, icebo lokukhohlisa likaFerdinand lasebenza njengoba nje ayehlele, futhi emva kokubhala abathandi bokugcina bezithombe bahlukana kuze kube phakade. Nokho, u-Adélie wayengazi ukuthi umyeni wakhe wayeyazi izindaba zakhe zothando nomculi.
15. UPaul Gauguin, Sivelaphi? Singobani? Siya kuphi?, 1897-1898.
Lesi sithombe sasiyingxenye yokuguqula empilweni yomculi, noma kunalokho, imbuyisele ekuphileni, ngemuva kokuzibulala okungapheli. Wabhala umsebenzi eTahiti, lapho ngezinye izikhathi ayebalekela empucuko. Kodwa okwamanje izinto azizange zivele kahle: ukuhlupheka okuqhubekayo kwaletha umculi ocabangelayo ekucindezelekeni okujulile.
Uqedile ukudweba njengesivumelwane esintwini, futhi lapho lobuciko obucwebezelayo buqedile, umculi odelelekile waya ezintabeni ngebhokisi le-arsenic ukuze aqede impilo yakhe. Kodwa-ke, akazange abale leli dose futhi, ephikisana nobuhlungu, abuyele ekhaya futhi walala. Ngemva kokuvuswa nokuqaphela isenzo sakhe, lo mculi wabuyela ekudleni kwakhe kwangaphambili, futhi lapho ebuya ekhaya konke kwakungokwemvelo, ukuqhuma kokuqala kwendalo kwaqala, futhi izinto zaqala ukukhuphuka.
Imfihlo yalesi sithombe ukuthi kufanele ifundwe kusukela ngakwesokunxele kuya kwesobunxele, njengemibhalo ye-cabbalistic eyamangalisa ngaso ngaleso sikhathi umlobi womdwebo. Umsebenzi ukhuluma ngokuphila komzimba nangokwenyama komuntu kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni (ekhoneni elingezansi elingakwesokudla ingane ithathwa njengesibonakaliso sokuzalwa, nasekona elingezansi kwesokunxele - ukuguga kanye nenyoni ebamba isilwane njengesibonakaliso sokufa).
16. UPeter Bruegel umdala, izaga zaseDutch, ngo-1559
Lobuciko obuhle kakhulu buqukethe ngokwakho noma ngaphezulu, kodwa mayelana nezaga 112. Abanye babo bakhuluma ngobuwula bomuntu. Amaningi afanele kuze kube yilolu suku: "ahlomile emazinyo", "hamba ngokumelene namanje."
17. UPaul Gauguin, iBroton Village ngaphansi kweNqanda, 1894.
Lesi sithombe sibonisa ukujula kwengane yomuntu, njengoba ubuciko bungabonwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokuqala i-tovas yathengiswa ngemuva kokufa komculi endalini ye-francs ayisikhombisa ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Niagara Falls". Kwenzeke ngoba umgqugquzeli we-auction wasibeka phezulu phezulu ngezinyawo zakhe wabona imvula yamanzi esithombeni, hhayi idolobha, eligcwele iqhwa.
18. UPablo Picasso, i-Blue Room, ngo-1901
Isixazululo salesi sithombe siphumelele abalando-mlando bezobuciko kuphela ngonyaka ka-2008, ngemuva kokukhanyiswa ngemisebe ye-infrared. Ngemva kwalokho, isithombe sesibili noma, cishe, owokuqala sitholiwe. Ngaphansi kwesithombe esiyinhloko sowesifazane egumbini eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isibalo somuntu ogqoke isambatho nesigqabhezana, ukuphakamisa ikhanda ngesandla sakhe, sabonakala ngokucacile.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe uPatricia Favero, lapho uPicasso ephefumulelwe, ngokushesha wathatha lo shayela waqala ukudweba. Futhi mhlawumbe, emzuzwini olandelayo, lapho umsakazo ehambele khona, lo mculi wayengenaye ingubo engenalutho, futhi waqala ukudweba isithombe esisha ngaphezu komunye, noma uPablo wayengenaso imali yemishayo entsha.
19. Michelangelo, The Creation of Adam, 1511
Lesi sithombe singabizwa ngokuthi isifundo se-anatomy. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwezazi zaseMelika ku-neuroanatomy, lesi sithombe sibonisa ubuchopho obukhulu abanezingxenye ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, isibonelo, i-pituitary gland, i-cerebellum, izinzwa ze-optic ngisho nomthambo we-vertebral, ovezwa njengibhande elihlaza elikhanyayo.
20. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, uLutnist, 1596
Lesi sithombe saboniswa eHermitage isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Lutnistka". Nokho, engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, izazi-mlando zezobuciko kanye nochwepheshe bathola ukuthi isithombe sibonisa insizwa, hhayi intombazane. Kulo mcabango baphonswa ngamanothi alele phambi kwesithombe somuntu. Bayazibona iqembu lesilisa le-bass likaMadrigal Jacob Arkademt "Uyazi ukuthi ngiyakuthanda." Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi owesifazane uzokwenza ukukhetha okunjalo ukucula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuphila komculi kokubili i-lute ne-violin, ekhonjiswe kwendwangu, babhekwa njengamakholi womculo kuphela. Ngemuva kwalesi siphetho, isithombe siboniswe ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Lutnist".