I-Melanin iyi-pigment enesibopho sokubala umbala, izinwele, amehlo omuntu. Futhi ukuphazanyiswa ekuthuthukiseni le pigment kungabangela lesi sifo esibi njenge-melanoma. I-Melanoma iyisisu esibi, ku-90% kubonakala emonakalweni esikhumbeni. Amaphesenti angu-10 e-melanoma angathinta amehlo, umuthi wamathunjini, intambo yomgogodla nobuchopho, kanye nama-mucuous tissues.
Muva nje, ngokuphathelene nokuwohloka kwesimo sezinto eziphilayo, i-melanoma isifo esivamile, okuyinto minyaka yonke idinga impilo enkulu. Iqembu eliyinhloko engozini yilabo asebekhulile, kodwa i-melanoma yesikhumba ingenzeka kunoma yikuphi ubudala, kusukela ebusheni.
Izimpawu zokuqala nezibonakaliso ezilandelayo zesikhumba se-melanoma
Njengomthetho, iziguli ziphuthumayo zibhekisela ochwepheshe, ngakho-ke ukubulawa kwalesi sifo kuphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa njengoba izimpawu zesikhumba se-melanoma zingabonakala ngamehlo, akunzima ukuyihlolisisa lesi sifo ngesikhathi. Ake sibone ukuthi iziphi izimpawu nezimpawu ze-melanoma kufanele ziqaphelwe ngesikhathi sokubona udokotela.
Isibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu "ukuguga" kwe- nevus (birthmark noma birthmark). Uma ubona ushintsho ekubukeni, kufanele uhlole ucwaningo. Izinguquko zingaba nezinhlobonhlobo:
- i-markmark yokuzalwa (i-birthmark);
- ukuguqulwa kwemigqa, ukubukeka kwemiphetho ye-asymmetrical (dentate);
- ukuguqula umbala we-birthmark ohlangothini lobumnyama (ngezinye izikhathi kungabonakala okubomvu noma okwesibhakabhaka);
- ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo semvukuzane (i-birthmark) - iqala ukuba yimbi, inhlanzi, ivuvuka;
- Ukwandiswa kwe-lymph nodes ngokumelene nesinye sezibonakaliso ezingenhla.
Ukukhula kwesikhumba se-melanoma kusukela emangqamuzaneni kuvame ukuhamba ngokulandela isimo esilandelayo: i-molecule, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacile noma emva kokuhlukunyezwa, iqala ukwandisa usayizi, ishintshe umbala futhi ikhuphuka kancane kancane, ibe yisifo esiqhumayo.
Izimpawu ezilandelayo ze-melanoma yizona ezinembile kunazo zonke ukuxilongwa:
- ukulahlekelwa izinwele esikhumbeni samavitus;
- ukudweba isikhumba ngokubunjwa kwe "crusts";
- ukunyamalala kwephethini lesikhumba ebusweni;
- ukuvela kwezakhiwo ezihambisanayo (ama-satellites - ukuqhuma esikhumbeni, eduze nokugxila kwesisu, ukugcina imibala yayo yokuqala);
- elikhanyayo nelibushelelezi (isibuko) esiqongweni semvukuzane.
Izimpawu ze-melanoma subungual noma i-melanoma ye-nail
Umdlavuza weplantshi ye-nail usu-3% wenani eliphelele lezinhlelo ezihloliwe. Izimpawu ze-melanoma ye-nail zimi kanje:
- Ngokuvamile lesi sifo siqala isithupha;
- i-nail ibumnyama (noma ibhendi elimnyama elibonakalayo livela);
- kukhona ukuvuvukala komunwe;
- ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-nail iyaqhekeka futhi isifo se-syphilis noma i-pus sisodwa;
- Njengoba i-melanoma ikhula, ithola umbala obomvu obomvu noma obomvu obunama-mushroom.
Izimpawu zeso le-melanoma
I-melanoma iso isifo esivamile. Ekuqaleni, cishe akukho izimpawu ezingase zivele. Kodwa lezi zibonakaliso ezilandelayo zingasabeka:
- ukubonakala kwe-photopsy - ukukhanya kombala, izinhlansi, amachashazi;
- ukuwohloka kombono ;
- ukubonakala kwe-metamorphosis - ukuphazamiseka kokubona kwezinto eziningi, ubukhulu, ubude emibonweni yendawo;
- ukubonakala "kwendawo eyimpumputhe" ebusweni;
- okungenzeka kushintshwe ukuguqulwa kwe-iris;
- ukufakwa kwe-retina;
- ukuvuvukala kweso.
Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zingase zivele ngaphambi kokuba i-tumor isakhiwe ngokugcwele futhi kungenzeka ukuxilongwa. Kuye indawo yesikhumba, kungenzeka futhi ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo:
- i-glaucoma yesibili;
- ukulimaza esweni;
- inqola ye-retina.