Kwamanye abantu, i- koqweqwe lwawo inombala ongalingani nesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, esihlanganiswe namabala, iziphuphu kanye nezinye iziphambeko. Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi i-fluorosis, sinenkinga engapheli. I-pathology ijwayele kuphela ezindaweni ezithile, ngakho-ke ingavinjelwa ngesikhathi esifanele.
I-fluorosis - isigaba
Kunezinhlobo ezingu-5 zezifo ezicatshangelwayo, ezihlukile embonweni nasekuqinekeni kwenkambo. Izinhlobo ezintathu zokuqala ze-fluorosis zigeleza kalula futhi zingabhubhisi ukulahlekelwa kwezicubu zamazinyo, ezinye izinhlobo ziholela ekulahlekelweni okuncane. Ukuhlukaniswa kufaka phakathi ukuhlukahluka okulandelayo kwesifo:
- dashed;
- ibonakale;
- mellovid-mottled;
- i-erosive;
- okulimazayo.
Ifomu lokuphahlazeka kwe-fluorosis
Uhlobo oluthiwa lwe-pathology luvezwa yilokho okulula kakhulu, akuvamile ukuphawula ezinyathelweni zakuqala. Ifomu le-fluorosis eliphahlaziwe libonakala ngokubonakala kwamazinyo, ikakhulukazi ama-incisors angaphezulu, amathrekhi amancane. Ekuqaleni cishe bayazihlukanisa, kodwa ekugcineni bahlangana endaweni. Uma uyibheka, ungathola ukushaywa kwe-longitudinal ebonakalayo. Ukuphefumula okunjalo kwamazinyo kungaphulukiswa ngelashwa olufanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Loluhlobo lwesifo alubangeli izinkinga nokubhujiswa koqweqwe lwawo.
Ifomu elifakiwe le-fluorosis
Lolu hlobo lwesifo luhambisana nokubonakala kokukhanya okukhanyisiwe emanzini amaningi, ikakhulukazi ama-incisors angenhla nangaphansi. Kancane kancane kuchazwa i-koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo, amabala amancane ahlanganisana, enza amafomu amakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi bashintsha umbala kusuka ezimhlophe kuya ophuzi noma obala obomvu. Ubuningi bohlobo oluthile lwesifo - u-koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo endaweni ebalahle kakhulu bushelelezi futhi bukhazimulayo.
Ifomu le-Melotic-mottled of fluorosis
Uhlobo lokucatshangelwa lwe-pathology lubonakala ngokubonakaliswa okuhlukile, okubonakala ngokubonakalayo futhi kubangele ukukhathazeka kwengqondo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqale ngokushesha ukwelapha uhlobo oluthile lwe-fluorosis - ifomu elihambisana ne-melovid-mottled lihambisana nokwakheka kuwo wonke amazinyo ahlanzekile ahlanzekile, aphuzi noma asemasundu aphezulu. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, i-koqweqwe lwawo libhujiswa. Le fluorosis yamazinyo kwezinye izimo ihlangene nokunciphisa kwayo ezindaweni ezithile. Kubukeka sengathi ukudonsa okungajulile okungaba ngu-0.1-0.2 mm ngokujula ngobubanzi buka-1-1.5 mm.
Ifomu elibi kakhulu le-fluorosis
Ngalolu hlobo lwesifo, i-koqweqwe lwawo libizwa ngokuthi i-hue eliphuzi noma elibomvu. Ngokumelene nesizinda sokuguqulwa kwegazi, izindawo ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu zibonakala ngokucacile. Izifo ze-fluorosis yefomu echazwe ziholela ekukhuleni kokukhukhula okujulile nokujulile. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo zezokwelapha, i-koqweqwe lwawo isula ngokushesha, futhi kakade i-dentin ibhujisiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhula kwe-pathology kuphelela ekulahlekelweni kwezindawo ezinkulu zamazinyo.
Ifomu elibhubhisa le-fluorosis
Uhlobo oluthiwa lwesifo lubhekwa njengento enzima kunazo zonke. I-fluorosis engapheliyo yonakalisa ukuguqulwa okuqinile kwe-koqweqwe lwawo, okuthola umbala ophuzi ophuzi noma omnyama. Ebusweni bayo, ngokushesha wabona izikhumba eziningi, ukuguguleka kwamanzi, izitha kanye nezinye iziphambeko. Ukushintsha kwamanzi amazinyo okuphazamisayo kuphazamisa ukubhujiswa kwezicubu zabo. Umzimba uzama ukukhokhela le nqubo ngokuzihlukanisa nokufaka esikhundleni se-dentin, kodwa lokhu akwanele. Izinyo ziba yizinhlanzi, zivame ukwehla ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi.
Isizathu se-fluorosis
I-pathology echazwe iqala ukuthuthukisa ngisho nangaphambi kokuqhuma kwamazinyo okuhlala njalo . I-fluorosis engapheli ithinta abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu e-fluoride emanzini. Ukuhlushwa okunamandla kwalesi sifo kungu-1 mg / l, okungenani - 1.5 mg / l. Uma ingane isebenzisa amanzi ngesilinganiso esiphezulu se-fluorine iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 elandelanayo, isifo se-fluorosis sesivele silimaze amazinyo akhe angapheli, ngisho noma engakhuli. Ngokuvamile kakhulu lesi sifo sithinta koqweqwe lwawo ubisi.
Umuntu omdala oye wathuthela endaweni ene-fluoride ngokweqile emanzini akabonakali ku-fluorosis. Ingozi yokulimala okungapheli koqweqwe lwawo ikhona kuphela uma ukuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali ecacisiwe kuphakeme kuno-6 mg / l. Ithuba lokugula nge-fluorosis livela ezingeni le-fluoride emanzini. Isibalo sabantu abathintekile ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusho kokugxilwa kwezinto:
- ngaphansi kuka-1 mg / l - 10-12%;
- 1-1.5 mg / l - 20-30%;
- 1,5-2 mg / l - 30-50%
- ngaphezu kuka 2 mg / l - ngaphezu kuka-50%.
I-fluorosis - izimpawu
Kulula ukuqaphela ukuqala kokuqhubeka kwe-pathology ngisho nasezinkathini zokuqala. I-fluorosis yamazinyo nobukhulu besithombe sayo somtholampilo kuxhomeke ekutheni lesi sifo sinzima kakhulu. Uma kunomonakalo obuningi obusweni lwezakhiwo zethambo, kulula ukuyihlolisisa lesi sifo. Izibonakaliso zangaphandle ze-fluorosis zihlanganisa ukungalungi koqweqwe lwawo ngama-symmetrical, amazinyo amakhulu angaphambili:
- amaqembu;
- ama-speckles;
- ukushaya;
- izinti;
- ukuguguleka komhlabathi;
- imigodi;
- ama-chips nabanye.
Izigaba ze-fluorosis
Ezokwelapha amazinyo, lesi sifo esibucayi sichazwa sibe ama degree angu-5 obunzima:
- Ukukhanya kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-fluorosis akuyona into ebalulekile futhi cishe ayifuni. Umbala we-koqweqwe lwawo usuke ungaguquki.
- Kulula. On amazinyo angashadile, kukhona izindawo ezingavamile ezimhlophe-ezimhlophe noma emifushane emifushane. Ingqikithi yesilonda ingu-25% we-koqweqwe lwawo wonke.
- I-moderate. Izibhamu, amabala kanye neziqu ezincane zibonakala ngokucacile. Indawo yomqhele wezinyo ibonakaliswe cishe ngu-50%.
- Isilinganiso. Ngaphandle kwamaphutha amhlophe (i-melovid), kunezindawo eziphuzi nezinsundu, ngezinye izikhathi zikhulu. Ngenxa yokunciphisa koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo kanye nokwehliswa kwe-dentin, ukutholakala kokubola kwezinyo kanye nezinye izifo zomlomo zitholakala.
- Kunzima kakhulu. Izingubo ezingaphezu kwezingu-70% zeminyo zonakalisiwe. I-pigmentation ye-koqweqwe lwawo iyakhulunywa kakhulu, inombala ophuzi noma obomvu ongasebenzi. Izisindo ezingaphezulu ngokushesha zijule futhi ziphenduke ukuguguleka okukhulu. I-koqweqwe lwawo isusiwe futhi ihlukaniswe, amazinyo asuke ekhubazekile kakhulu futhi avame ukubhujiswa. Uma i-fluorosis kulesi sigaba iqhubeka, kuvela izinkinga. Inkinga evamile ukulahlekelwa kwamazinyo nokulimala amathambo emasipha.
I-Fluorosis - Ukuxilongwa
Ukuthola ukulimala koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo ngemuva kwesiqhumane somfutho we-fluoride emzimbeni awukwazi nje kuphela udokotela wamazinyo, kodwa futhi nodokotela wezingane nodokotela. I-symptomatology yesifo kanye nokuqoqwa kwe-anamnesis kusiza ukuyiveza ngokucacile. Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kwe-fluorosis kudingekile uma kusolakala ukuthi kuphethwe yibala. Ukuhlukanisa lezi zifo zilula kakhulu ngezici ezithile.
I-fluorosis ithinta ama-vestibular kanye nama-lingual amazinyo, abhekwa izilonda eziningi ze-koqweqwe lwawo. I-Caries yendawo yendawo yokuxhumana neyesibeletho, ibukeka njengamabala amhlophe angashadile wesayizi encane. Esinye isici se-fluorosis - ukubukeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhuma kwamazinyo okuhlala njalo. I-Caries ivela ezitheni zethambo.
I-fluorosis yamazinyo - ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa komonakalo ku-koqweqwe lwawo kuthuthukiswa kucatshangelwa ifomu nesigaba senqubo ye-pathological. Uma kutholakala i-fluorosis eyingozi noma eyonakalisayo, ukwelashwa kuhilela ukubuyiselwa kobunjwa nombala womqhele wamazinyo ngosizo lwe:
- Izakhiwo ze-Orthopediki ( izivalo );
- izinto zokugcwalisa izakhi;
- ukulungisa izikhonkwane ezinemiqhele yokufakelwa.
I-fluorosis ephahlazekile, ene-melovid-speckled and spotted yezinyo ngezinyawo ihambisana nezinguquko kuphela emthunzini we-koqweqwe lwawo, kaningi kunomonakalo omncane ku-topcoat yayo encane. Ukwelapha izinhlobo ezinjalo zokukhubazeka, kune- bleaching yendawo okwanele nokukhumbula kabusha, okuqhutshwa izifundo eziningana ezilandelanayo ehhovisi likazinyo.
Iyakuthanda nge-fluorosis
Ukuhlanzeka komuntu kubaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni kwalesi sifo. Enye yezindlela ezisizayo zokwelapha i-fluorosis ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwamazinyo akhethekile. Imikhiqizo enjalo akufanele iqukathe i-fluoride, kuyadingeka ukuthi iqukethe i-calcium egazini kalula, izakhi nezimhlophe ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe- caries . I-toothpaste enconyiwe yamazinyo aphethwe yi-fluorosis:
- UMongameli oyedwa. Iqukethe i-pantothenate, i-lactate ne-calcium glycerophosphate - ama-compounds aqinisa futhi abuyisele koqweqwe lwawo. Ngisho nasekubunjweni kukhona i-papain, i-plaque yokuqhafaza, ne-xylitol, eyanciphisa ukubunjwa kwayo, futhi iyanqanda imvelo yemvelo emlonyeni womlomo.
- I-SPLAT Maximum, i-Biocalcium. Kokubili ama-pastes ane-papain ne-polydon, efaka isandla ekususweni okulula kodwa okuphumelelayo kwe-plaque. I-calcium inikezwa ngesimo se-hydroxyapatite ne-lactate - amafomu e-digestible kalula. I-SPLAT Maximum iqukethe neyinkimbinkimbi ye-enzymes, i-zinc citrate ne-licorice, okuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa komlomo okuphelele.
- I-Asepta. Emathinini ayikho into engafanele - i-hydroxyapatite calcium, i-papain ne-potassium citrate. Umkhiqizo usiza ukuthuthukisa isimo soqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo, kuvimbela ukwakheka kwesikhala bese kunciphisa ubuzwe bamazinyo.
- I-ROCS Izithako ezisebenzayo i-calcium glycerophosphate, ekhishwa kalula futhi ihlanganiswe ezindaweni ezilimazekile ze-koqweqwe lwawo. Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-plaque nokubunjwa kwe-caries ku-paste kufakwe i-bromelain ne-xylitol.
- Amaparele amasha. Inketho engabizi kakhulu ye-fluorosis. Kule agent akukho ama-enzyme aphunga futhi asuse izinto ze-plaque, kodwa kukhona inhlanganisela ye-calcium enobungane kakhulu - i-citrate.
Amazinyo avunguza nge-fluorosis
Susa iziphambeko ezibonakalayo ku-koqweqwe lwawo kuphela ehhovisi lamazinyo. I-bleaching Professional nge-fluorosis yenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu:
- I-laser. Okokuqala, amazinyo agcwele i-gel esekelwe i-hydrogen peroxide. Ukuze ubonise umbala ojwayelekile we-koqweqwe lwawo, ubanikezwe ngendwangu ye-laser.
- Ngendlela yamakhemikhali. Njengama-agent e-bleaching, isisombululo se-carbamide peroxide ne-hydrogen, asetshenzisiwe ama-acids (hydrochloric, phosphoric) asetshenziswa. Ngokushesha ngemva kwenkambiso, amazinyo agcinwe kabusha nge-calcium gluconate noma i-Remodent, isembatho se-fluorine-lacquer.
- Shlifovkoy. Isendlalelo esiphezulu se-koqweqwe lwawo ususwe usebenzisa ukunamathisela okhethekile okusekelwe ku-carborundum, i-hydrochloric acid ne-gel silicon. Ngemuva kokugaya, umqhele ophathwayo uhlanganiswe ne-perhydrol futhi uphethwe ngesibani se-quartz. Ekupheleni kokukhwabanisa, ukukhumbula kabusha kwenziwa.
Ngenkathi eyodwa yezinqubo ezibalwe ohlwini, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi kulungele amazinyo ngokugcwele. Ekuvakashelweni okulandelayo kudokotela bamazinyo, amalungiselelo asebenzayo azosetshenziselwa kuphela ezindaweni ezimbi kunazo zonke ze-koqweqwe lwawo, kepha ukuze kufezwe imiphumela efunayo, kudingeka ukuthi kube nemibandela ye-3-20 (inani lixhomeke kwizinga lokushisa ne-color of the defects). Ukwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe kufanele kwenziwe emva kwezinyanga ezingu-6-8, lapho odokotela bamazinyo beluleka ukuba bathathe amalungiselelo e-glycerophosphates ne-calcium ngaphakathi, ngokucophelela bagcine imithetho yokuhlanzeka ngomlomo.
Ukuvinjelwa kwezinyosi i-fluorosis
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela zingaba ngabanye futhi zihlangene. Esikhathini sokuqala, ukuvinjelwa kwe-fluorosis kuhlanganisa:
- ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo nge-fluoride (isipinashi, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, amafutha ezilwane);
- ukulawula izinga nokubunjwa kwamanzi okuphuza;
- ukucebisa ukudla okunevithamini C, D, i-calcium gluconate;
- ukusetshenziswa kwamazinyo ngaphandle kwama-fluoride;
- ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwemikhiqizo yobisi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukugula kwabantwana abasanda kuzalwa ezindaweni ezimbi. Abazali akufanele baqale ukwethula umkhwenyana, kuyadingeka ukugwema ubisi olufakelwe ubisi. Kunconywa ukunikeza amanzi noma kusuka amabhodlela, noma ukuwuthatha ubisi, ama-juice. Njengoba ingane ikhula, odokotela baneluleka njalo ehlobo ukuba bamthathele izinyanga ezingu-2-3 endaweni ephephile (ngokwemigudu ye-fluoride concentration).
Imisebenzi ehlangene yokuvimbela i-fluorosis yamazinyo emphakathini, ihlanganyela kuhulumeni wasekhaya. Ukuvimbela kudinga:
- ukufaka umthombo wamanzi kubathengi;
- ukunciphisa inani le-fluoride ngokuhlunga okukhethekile;
- Ukuxuba amanzi avela emithonjeni ehlukene (isibonelo, imithombo nemithombo).